Election of 1824 The Corrupt Bargain

Democratic-Republican Candidates

John Quincy Adams

HENRY CLAY

ANDREW JACKSON

William H. Crawford

Democratic-Republican Election of 1824 Candidate Party Electoral Vote Popular Vote Presidential John Quincy Adams (MA) Democratic-Republican 84 115,696 Henry Clay (KY) " 37 47,136 Andrew Jackson (TN) 99 152,933 William H. Crawford (GA) _________________________ 41 46,979 VP: John C. Calhoun (SC) DR 182

12th Amendment The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

12th Amendment If no candidate wins the majority of the electoral votes than the vote goes to the House of Representatives; only the top 3 candidates go Who doesn’t go?

“The Corrupt Bargain” Henry Clay (Speaker of the House) throws his support to JQA JQA wins and appoints Clay as his secretary of state Supporters of Jackson left the Republican party and formed the Democratic party

Political parties National Republicans Followed JQA ex-Federalists Wanted to expand the nations economy Promoted national unity (American System) Jacksonian Democrats Promoted the strength of the executive branch at the expense of Congress wanted to expand suffrage and public participation in the government Strict constructionists

By 1828-voting requirements eased…

Election of 1828 Expansion of voting rights benefitted Jackson

Pres Jackson’s Goals 1.) Eliminate the national debt 2.) rotate government jobs- The Spoils System 3.) Even out the tariffs 4.) Remove the Indians 5.) Reform BUS

THE VP…

Early Calhoun: a nationalist Supported War of 1812 Tariff of 1816 BUS VP John C. Calhoun- VP to JQA and AJackson… the leading opposition to both men

Distrusted the majority Opposed the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 Later Calhoun: Identified closely with his home state (SC) in regards to tariffs and slavery Distrusted the majority Opposed the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 Supported: States’ rights and nullification

“The Tariff of Abominations”

The Tariff of 1828 Tariff of 1824 increased the price of imported goods by 50% Tariff of 1828 increased prices further

The Tariff of 1828 Calhoun on the “Tariff of Abominations”: Tariff was detrimental to the interests of the South and the preservation of the Union Protected the North and made it more difficult for the South to trade with Europe

South Carolina opposed the Tariff The Tariff of 1828 South Carolina opposed the Tariff “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” (South Carolina Doctrine) 1828 Declared that a sovereign state had the right to determine through a Convention (held in 1832) whether an act of Congress was unconstitutional and whether it constituted as a dangerous violation of states’ rights”

Calhoun on the purpose of the federal government: Federal government = an agent of the states Calhoun on the Union and the Constitution: The Union was a compact (a league) between sovereign states By nature sovereignty is absolute

Tariff of 1832 Federal governments response to South Carolina’s demands A plan to lower the Tariff over time SC did NOT think the change was enough

Nullification Crisis 1832

Calhoun’s defense for the protection of the minority = nullification Tariff of 1832 Calhoun’s defense for the protection of the minority = nullification Nullification protected “states’ rights” States have the right to nullify (refuse to enforce) a federal law with which they don’t concur Threatened that if the Tariff of 1832 was not withdrawn SC would secede Nullification and secession protected the minority

South Carolina’s Convention: The Tariff of 1832 South Carolina’s Convention: The vote on nullification: 136 yes 26 no Established laws that penalized anyone who attempted to collect tariff duties

The Tariff of 1832 Jackson’s Reaction: “The Proclamation on Nullification” (1832) The Union was perpetual Constitution does not allow for secession Secession would destroy the Union “The Force Bill” (1833) Requested that Congress allow Pres to use army, navy, state militias, and courts to quell any insurrection and to enforce the collection of the duties

Repeal of Nullification (1833):   Repeal of Nullification (1833): Repealed the nullifying ordinance (also nullified the Force Act, but Jackson chose to ignore them)

AJackson and BUS 2nd BUS created in 1816, had a 20 yr charter Jackson’s opponents (Clay and Web) convinced BUS president (Nicholas Biddle) to ask for an early extension on the charter WHY would they do this??????????????????????

AJackson and BUS 1832 = election year! They wanted to destroy AJackson and they assumed he would veto the extension… They were right! He did! BUT Jackson convinced the public that this was the right thing to do… HOW???

AJackson and BUS 1832-1836: Jackson worked to kill the bank Secretary of Treasury began depositing fed $ into state chartered banks, critics called them “pet banks” WAS THIS LEGAL????

AJackson and BUS Jackson argued, his reelection gave him the mandate to destroy BUS Never before had a president claimed that victory at the polls allowed him to act independently of Congress

The Whigs Jackson’s policies angered so many (even his own party) that a new political party was formed, THE WHIG PARTY