D-STAR Programming Digital Voice and Digital Data Northern Utah Technical Society NU7TS Ted McArthur – AC7II Ted/Cordell Intro This Presentation is presented buy the Northern Utah Technical Society or NUTS. A group of Amateur Radio enthusiasts that enjoy building Repeaters, Building Radios. Repeaters: NU7TS ICOM D-Star UHF Repeater N7RDS GM 1225 Motorola Repeater PC Repeater/IRCDDB Gateway KF7VJO Mobile radio Motorola Repeater PC Repeater/IRCDDB Gateway AC7O ICOM D-Star VHF, UHF and 1.2Ghz Repeaters Plus Several Hotspots 2 Motorola DMR Repeaters (MOTOTURBO) D-Star Reflector 029 Sunday Night Net D-Star Reflector 029 C

D-Star Radios & Equipment Ted Many of the ICOM Radios are D-Star Capable Kennwood Just Annouced a D-Star and APRS Capable Radio

What is D-STAR Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio 1999 Funded by the Japanese Government and administered by the Japanese Amateur Radio League (JARL) 2001 Open Specification Published – anyone can implement http://www.jarl.com/d-star/shogen.pdf or http://www.arrl.org/files/file/D-STAR.pdf 2004 ICOM released “D-STAR optional” hardware Current Implementations Digital Voice (w/simultaneous data) 2 m, 70 cm, and 23 cm Digital Data (data only) 23 centimeters Repeater Networking RF link Gateway Cordell D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio) is a radio system which offers digital voice and data communication. Repeater sites are pre-dominantly connected over the Internet and form a wide area amateur radio network as a result that can span states, countries, continents or the entire world.

What Can D-STAR Do? Transmit or receive voice and 1200 bps data simultaneously on 2m, 70cm and 23cm bands (no TNC required) High speed 128 Kbps data transmission on 23cm band with Internet connectivity (Ethernet bridge to Internet with IP address) Digitally sending your ID on every transmission D-PRS (digital APRS) automatic position reporting of your GPS location simultaneous with voice Flexible repeater linking with Gateway and Internet connection Reflectors act as conference bridge for linking multiple repeaters (64 now in operation worldwide) DV Dongle and DV Access Point (DVAP) allow voice and data access to D-STAR via Internet connection (similar to EchoLink) Cordell Transmit or receive voice and 1200 bps data simultaneously on 2m, 70cm and 23cm bands High speed 128 Kbps data transmission on 23cm band with Internet connectivity (Ethernet bridge to Internet with IP address) Gateway Call Routing (finding a user over the Network) Digitally sending your ID on every transmission If you have GPS connected to your Radio and talking through a Dplus Repeater your Co-ordinates will be ported to APRS Data Bases. Flexible repeater linking with Gateway and Internet connection Reflectors act as conference bridge for linking multiple repeaters (64 now in operation worldwide) DV Dongle and DV Access Point (DVAP) allow voice and data access to D-STAR via Internet connection (similar to EchoLink)

Digital Basics Digital voice does not gradually degrade in quality as signal level decreases

Cordell The upper trace is a standard analog FM signal. The lower trace is a D-STAR signal. It has an interesting waveform, from the filters. The side lobes are down well below requirements. At -60 dBm, the D-STAR signal is ½ as wide as FM.

Digital Voice (DV) Digital Voice is simultaneous voice and low speed data 4800 bit/s maximum data rate Voice frame is 2400 bps with 1200 bps Forward Error Correction Voice uses proprietary AMBE (Advance Multi-Band Excitation) vocoder Data frame is 1200 bps with no error correction Data frame supports D-PRS, text messaging and data transfer Shared spectrum with data provides immediate identification Callsigns, D-PRS coordinates, and messages can transmit WITH voice signal Voice QSOs are “routable” Voice can be directed to another radio, repeater, or gateway Uses GMSK modulation (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) Cordell AMBE 2020 chip AMBE is used by the Inmarsat and Iridium satellites and certain channels on XM Satellite Radio and is the speech coder for OpenSky Trunked radio systems D-PRS stands for D-STAR Position Reporting System GMSK is Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

Repeater Networking Ted Several Different Application of D-Star Digital Voice to Repeater then either or local or Gateway Digital ASCII to Repeater then either or local or Gateway GPS data to Repeater then either or local or Gateway if sent to Gateway if will be sent to the APRS Database Internet Connections on the 1.2 Ghz DD Mode IP Camera on the 1.2 Ghz DD Mode

Gateway Get with your local gateway administrator to get registered Gateways utilize the Internet to provide global D-STAR connectivity Callsign registration is Required for gateway operation Get with your local gateway administrator to get registered Registering more than once can mess up Gateway Data Base No Callsign registration required for local repeater use Nationwide Routed Callsign Calling Via Gateway No Need To Know QTH Of Target Key-up Networked D-STAR Repeater And The World Knows Your QTH Callsign Routing User determines the route his transmission takes Enter callsign of destination, either individual or repeater, directly into your radio and start talking Multicasting -communicate with multiple repeaters in a group at once Cordell Gateways utilize the Internet to provide global D-STAR connectivity Callsign registration is Required for gateway operation No Callsign registration required for local repeater use Nationwide Routed Callsign Calling Via Gateway Callsign Routing User determines the route his transmission takes Enter callsign of destination, either individual or repeater, directly into your radio and start talking Multicasting -communicate with multiple repeaters in a group at once

Reflector A reflector can be considered to be similar to a repeater, but with no RF capabilities A Reflector is a gateway that acts as a central conference hub where multiple D-STAR nodes (repeaters) / DV Dongle users can gather and talk to each other. Hub and spoke model Issue a command to local repeater and “link up” to the reflector Many type of reflectors REF – runs on the D-Plus network (all ICOM stacks run this) X – X-Reflectors on the DExtra network (ircDDB) DCS – X-Net (next generation of X-Reflectors) Cordell There are multiple D-Star reflector systems that co-exist together on the D-Star network. Primarily the "REF" system is run on the D-Plus network and protocols while the "DCS" system is run under the DCS network protocols (ircDDB), more detailed information about ircDDB and reflector systems can be found at http://www.ircddb.net. The DCS system incorporates STARnet talkgroups which is essentially a user radio driven subscription to a group via a Group Callsign. Refer to http://k7ve.org/blog/2011/04/starnet-digital/ for more information about STARnet.

Repeater Basics The 8th character in a repeater callsign field (i.e., NU7TS••B) is a port designator for the System/Gateway [the • represents a space] (if the 8th position is left blank, the system assumes PORT A is used) A – 1.2 GHz (23cm high speed data, DD) A – 1.2 GHz (23cm voice, DV) B – UHF (70cm, DV) C – VHF (2m, DV) Additional functions available using DPLUS G – Gateway D – D-RATS E – Echo Test I – Identification L – Link Repeater U – Unlink Repeater Cordell Go The 8th character in a repeater callsign field (i.e., NU7TS••B) is a port designator for the System/Gateway [the • represents a space] (if the 8th position is left blank, the system assumes PORT A is used) A – 1.2 GHz (23cm high speed data, DD) A – 1.2 GHz (23cm voice, DV) B – UHF (70cm, DV) C – VHF (2m, DV) Additional functions available using DPLUS G – Gateway D – D-RATS E – Echo Test I – Identification L – Link Repeater U – Unlink Repeaterover the Slide

Four Callsign Fields Used for Routing YOUR call (command field- Linking unlinking, etc) Callsign of the person, group, or repeater you want to talk to D-star spec calls this the “Companion Callsign”) This is the key to determine where your signal is heard RPT1 Callsign of the repeater port you use to access the local repeater D-Star spec calls this the “Departure Repeater Callsign” Set it for the local repeater callsign and input port: Example: NU7TS B RPT2 Callsign of the repeater port you use to leave the local repeater D-Star spec calls this the “Destination Repeater Callsign” Set it for the local repeater callsign and exit port: Example: NU7TS C MY call This is the callsign you are using D-Star spec calls this “Own Callsign” Cordell YOUR call (command field- Linking unlinking ect) Callsign of the person, group, or repeater you want to talk to D-star spec calls this the “Companion Callsign”) This is the key to determine where your signal is heard RPT1 Callsign of the repeater port you use to access the local repeater D-Star spec calls this the “Departure Repeater Callsign” Set it for the local repeater callsign and input port: Example: NU7TS B RPT2 Callsign of the repeater port you use to leave the local repeater D-Star spec calls this the “Destination Repeater Callsign” Set it for the local repeater callsign and exit port: Example: NU7TS C MY call This is the callsign you are using D-Star spec calls this “Own Callsign”

Local Call on Simplex Radio to Radio, No Repeater On the Kenwood known as DV Mode General Call YOUR: CQCQCQ RPT1: RPT2: MY: KE7IK Specific Station YOUR: AC7II General Call Calling CQ (to anybody) Roundtables/Nets Most Common Specific Station When other station is using callsign squelch (CQSL) Send Message Cordell Explain Slide

Local Call On Same Repeater No-one on Gateway or dongles will hear you General Call YOUR: CQCQCQ RPT1: NU7TS B RPT2: MY: KE7IK Specific Station YOUR: AC7II General Call Calling CQ (to anybody) Roundtables/Nets Most Common Specific Station When other station is using callsign squelch (CQSL) Send Message Cordell Explain Slide

Local Call on Repeater Stack, Different Band General Call YOUR: CQCQCQ RPT1: NU7TS B RPT2: NU7TS C MY: KE7IK Specific Station YOUR: AC7II General Call Calling CQ from local UHF repeater to local VHF repeater Roundtables/Nets Most Common Specific Station When other station is using callsign squelch (CQSL) Send Message Cordell Explain Slide

Gateway Routing Routing defined in the D-Star standard General Call YOUR: /KF6RALC RPT1: NUT7S B RPT2: NUT7S G MY: KE7IK Specific Station YOUR: K2NWS RPT1: NU7TS B General Call Through Gateway Calling CQ on a distant repeater zone This routes the call to KF6RAL repeater and Port C This is called ‘Port Routing’ No way to call all ports on a distant repeater Specific Station Through Gateway Calling specific Station Don’t need to know other station’s location (City, Repeater, Freq., …) This is called ‘User Routing’ When other station is using callsign squelch (CQSL) Send Message Cordell Explain Slide

Gateway Linking to Repeater/Reflector Linking defined by D-Plus On Icom Repeaters you need to Unlink Repeater before linking to something else, Not so on ircDDB Linking repeater to another repeater or reflector YOUR field must contain repeater or reflector callsign and an L in the 8th character on first transmission After pressing PTT, should hear “Remote System Linked” message Before second transmission, must change the YOUR field to CQCQCQ via One Touch CQ Button To “Link” (Repeater) YOUR: KF6RALBL RPT1: NUT7S B RPT2: NUT7S G MY: KE7IK To “Link” (Reflector) YOUR: REF001CL Then for QSO YOUR: CQCQCQ Cordell Explain Slide Don’t Forget to unlink if repeater is already linked then Link it then hit your one button CQCQCQ before talking. One Touch CQ Button IC-92AD

Gateway Unlinking from Repeater/Reflector To “Unlink” YOUR: U RPT1: NU7TS B RPT2: NUT7S G MY: KE7IK Then for local QSO YOUR: CQCQCQ RPT1: NUT7S B Unlinking repeater/reflector The YOUR field must have 7 spaces then U in 8th character position After pressing PTT, should hear “Remote System Unlinked” message Before transmitting again, must change the YOUR field to CQCQCQ via One Touch CQ Button Cordell Explain Slide One Touch CQ Button IC-92AD

Repeater / Reflector Status Repeater Status - Dashboard https://nu7ts.dstargateway.org/status.html Reflector Status - Dashboard https://ref030.dstargateway.org/status.html Ted Explain Slide Repeater and Reflector Dashboards go to the appropriate Repeater Callsign or Reflector number

Using DR Mode Programming ID-31, ID-51, ID-7100, ID-7100, ID-9100, ID- 880 & Kenwood TH-D74 have the ability of DR programming. Go to Repeater Downloads and download the file for your area and load in your in your radio. http://www.dstarinfo.com/RepeaterDownloa ds.aspx Using your GPS or last location take you to the list and show you closest repeaters to you. Then program your radio for them. Ted Great Newer feature is the DR Mode. Take the Time to put the info in and it will make your experience of D-Star much more fun.

Using DR Mode Programming Demo Downloading a CSV file. Go to Repeater Downloads and download the file for your Radio. http://www.dstarinfo.com/RepeaterDownloa ds.aspx Show adding local repeaters with Rfinder using RT systems. Demo DR Mode with ID-5100A Demo DR Mode with Th D74a Ted Great Newer feature is the DR Mode. Take the Time to put the info in and it will make your experience of D-Star much more fun.

Don’t have a D-Star Repeater close to you? There are several Hot Spot options available for low cost Repeaters Simplex PC Raspberry Pi Linux Android Ted Don’t have a D-Star Repeater close to you? There are several Hot Spot options available for low costs Repeaters Simplex PC Raspberry Pi Linux Android

Hot Spot Repeater Ted Explain this Slide

The ircDDB Repeater Ted This is a IRCDDB Repeater 1st with a PC then a Raspberry Pie. ircDDB -> internet relay chat Distributed DataBase

DV Dongle Connects to your PC or Mac via USB port Provides encoding/decoding of compressed audio using DVSI AMBE2000 full duplex vocoder DSP chip DVTool 2.0beta5 software (www. opendstar.org/tools) runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux User may connect to and communicate with D-STAR DPlus gateways and reflectors around the world Ted Makes your Computer be a D-Star radio on the Gateway

DV Access Point (DVAP) Dongle Connects to your PC or Mac via USB port Provides 2 m or 70 cm Access Point for use with a D-STAR radio DVAPTools software runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux Connects to DPlus gateways and reflectors Software available to use with DCS & X Reflectors Use with Raspberry Pi for a inexpensive, miniature personal DSTAR hotspot Ted This Make your Computer a D-Star Repeater for $250.00

DV4Mini D-Star-DMR-Fusion-P-25 http://wirelesshold.com/ Raspberry Pi Ted This Make your Computer a D-Star/DMR/Fusion/P25 Repeater for $130.00 Windows PC

BlueDV D-Star-DMR http://www.pa7lim.nl/bluedv/ BlueTooth to Android Device DV-Mega BlueStack-Micro Ted This Make your Android Phone or Tablet a D-Star/DMR Repeater for $250.00

NW Digital UDRC D-Star-Fusion Yeasu DR-1X UDRC Raspberry Pi Daughter Board http://nwdigitalradio.com/category/udrc/

D-Star Repeaters 449.575(-) NU7TS Bill Neville Wellsville NU7TS B DV 447.975(-) N7RDS Riverside N7RDS B DV D-Star PC Repeater 447.950(-) KF7VJO Ted McArthur Paradise KF7VJO  B DV D-Star PC Repeater AC7O Logan AC7O B DV 145.150(-) AC7O C DV 1299.750 AC70 A DD Ted

D-Star Repeaters 447.950(-) WR7AAA Don Blanchard Cedar City WR7AAA B DV D-Star 145.150(-) WR7AAA C DV 1287.250 WR7AAA A DV 448.075(-) KF6RAL Joe Lachacz Farnsworth PK KF6RAL B DV 145.125(-) KF6RAL C DV 1299.250 KF6RAL A DD 1287.000(-) Ted

D-Star Repeaters 447.950(-) KO7SLC Pat Malan IHC HOSP K07SLC B DV 145.150(-) K07SLC C DV 1298.750 K07SLC A DV KF7YIX James Ashby Hurricane Mesa KF7YIX B DV KF7YIX C DV 1299.250 KF7YIX A DV

D-Star Repeaters 447.950(-) KE7EGG Ogden SO KE7EGG B DV D-Star Michael Querica Ogden SO KE7EGG B DV D-Star 145.150(-) KE7EGG C DV 1298.750 KE7EGG A DV 448.725(-) WA7GIE Dave Williams Nelson PK WA7GIE B DV 147.380(+) WA7GIE C DV K7YI Brett Mills Price K7YI B DV Ted

D-Star Information www.DstarDB.com www.dstarinfo.com www.dstarusers.org www.jfindu.net www.aprs-is.net/DPRSCalc.aspx www.youtube.com/watch?v=uj0erfEjOMQ Cordell

Questions? Both