AP US History FDR & his New Deal

Election of 1932 Republican Herbert Hoover Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt Wins, promising a New Deal for Americans

Herbert Hoover Franklin Roosevelt

THE FDR INAUGURATION, MARCH 4, 1933 SEVERAL WEEKS BEFORE HE HAD NARROWLY ESCAPED AN ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT WHERE THE MAYOR OF CHICAGO WAS KILLED

Two very different images of FDR

First lady, Eleanor Roosevelt

The 1st 100 Days Biggest change in government in US history congress passed over 15 major pieces of legislation, expanding the federal gov.’s role in the nation’s economy goals of the New Deal Relief for the needy, economic Recovery, financial Reform

The 1st 100 Days Issue 1: Banks, money, and securities: March 1933 was the high point of the nation’s banking crisis To save financial structure, FDR proposed and Congress passed: Emergency Banking Relief Act (Mar 1933) Glass-Steagall Banking Act (June 1933) Federal Securities Act (1934)

The 1st 100 Days Issue 2. Direct Relief: Because the financial distress of unemployment was so great, direct relief was quickly provided (examples) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) National Industrial Recovery Administration (NIRA) *cornerstone of the New Deal Civilization Conservation Corps (CCC) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Public Works Administration (PWA) Civil Works Administration (CWA) Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC) Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Hundreds of Americans applied for relief

FDR’s Fireside Chats

Critics of the New Deal American Liberty League Charles Coughlin Francis Townsend Huey Long Issues: Limited freedoms of Americans (made gov’t much bigger) Claimed New Deal benefitted the wealthy not the poor Did little to help blacks

Election of 1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) Alfred M. Landon (Republican) One of the most bitterly fought campaigns in US history FDR carried every state except Maine and Vermont, winning the most overwhelming election since James Monroe in 1820 1st time African Americans voted Democrat

Franklin D. Roosevelt Alfred Landon

The 2nd New Deal Legislation passed after midterm elections of 1934 and after re-election Works Progress Administration (WPA) Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Social Security Act National Labor Relations Act (Wagner-Connery Act) Wages and Hours Law (Fair Labor Standards Act), 1938

WORKING WOMEN WHO WERE MARRIED WERE ENCOURAGED TO GIVE UP THEIR JOBS SO A MAN COULD HAVE THE WORK. IT WAS WIDELY BELIEVED THAT AVAILABLE JOBS SHOULD GO TO MEN. IN SPITE OF THIS THE NUMBER OF WORKING WOMEN ROSE IN THE 1930’S MOSTLY IN LOWER PAYING JOBS. WOMEN IN THE 30’S

Recession of 1937 Serious recession was caused by Withdrawal of government spending Government began to decrease its spending because FDR was concerned over the unbalanced budget Continued unemployment Rise in population leads to rise in unemployment (even with all the new government jobs) High taxes New programs cost money, government had to raise taxes, which in turn discourages spending and investing

Legacy of the New Deal Increase in the growth of the federal government The embracement of the concept that the government should work to care and provide for its people The right of working people to organize unions to fight corporate greed and help their economic situation Renewed interest in preserving and protecting the environment Major construction projects and institutions that are still here today Showed that democracy is capable of surviving major economic disruption and can reform itself