Human Geography Preview Section 1: Population Geography World Geography Today 4/4/2019 Human Geography Preview Section 1: Population Geography Section 2: Cultural Geography Section 3: World Languages and Religions Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter 5

Section 1: Population Geography Read to Discover How do geographers study population? What are some important trends in world population?

Section 1: Population Geography Studying Population To study relationships between populations and environments, geographers use statistics: • Maps • Population pyramids • Graphs • Spatial perspective Key statistics: • Population density • Population change • Population distribution • Natural increase

Section 1: Population Geography World Population Trends World population is increasing rapidly. Economic development results in lower population growth rates. Many less-developed nations are gradually reducing population growth. Population projections vary, but future population-related challenges are inevitable.

Section 1: Population Geography Question What technological improvements have led to the world’s population growth?

Section 1: Population Geography Reasons for Population Increases Medical advances lead to better health care, which allows people to live longer. Agricultural advances lead to increased food production, which allows more people to live in an area. Sanitation advances lead to cleaner living conditions, which help people stay healthy.

Section 2: Cultural Geography Read to Discover How do geographers study culture? How do cultures change over time?

Section 2: Cultural Geography Studying Culture Culture Traits—Activities and behaviors common to groups of people, such as reading, doing math, and methods of eating; many culture traits are linked Culture Regions—Areas in which people share culture traits

Section 2: Cultural Geography Question How would you describe the following traits of your own culture?

Section 2: Cultural Geography Religion Government Education Language Culture Traits Economy Housing Clothing Food

Section 2: Cultural Geography How Cultures Change Cultures change over time through general processes such as communication, migration, war, and trade. Key concepts: Innovation—Adoption of new and useful ideas Diffusion—Spread of ideas Globalization—Worldwide adoption of traits Traditionalism—Maintenance of traditions

Section 3: World Languages and Religions Read to Discover What is the geography of the world’s languages? What are the three main types of religions that geographers identify?

Section 3: World Languages and Religions Geography of Languages Languages have spatial characteristics; they are linked to specific regions and people. Languages are divided into families and branches. Geographers study the origins and spread of languages.

Section 3: World Languages and Religions Types of Religions Ethnic—Focus on one ethnic group; examples: Hinduism, Judaism, Confucianism, Taoism Animist—Focus on spirits and forces of nature; often have ethnic basis; common in traditional societies Universalizing—Seek worldwide following; examples: Islam, Christianity

Section 3: World Languages and Religions Question What are examples of each of the three main types of religions identified by geographers?

Section 3: World Languages and Religions Universalizing Religions Ethnic Religions Animist Religions • Confucianism • Hinduism • Judaism • Shintoism • Taoism • Traditional religions • Christianity • Islam

Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas World Geography Today 4/4/2019 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas What do population geographers use to study population patterns and trends? What factors influence migration? What are culture traits? What is one example of how culture traits vary from place to place? Why is language fundamental to culture? Why is religion fundamental to culture? Chapter 5