Jimena Saenz, Aryan Hemmat, Arianela Melesio, Ethan Javier Carbon Group Jimena Saenz, Aryan Hemmat, Arianela Melesio, Ethan Javier

Carbon Carbon was discovered in 1754 by Joseph Black,but was first recognized as a element in the second half of the 18th century. Carbon can be found anywhere, such as the atmosphere or in you or me.There are two types of carbon: graphite and diamond.

Carbon Physical/Chemical Characteristics Physical Characteristics Interesting Facts Transparent (diamond) and also Black (graphite) Solid Doesn´t have a odor or taste It is a non-metal Melting Point for carbon is 3,550℃ (6,422℉) Boiling Point for carbon is 6,872℉ The specific heat of Carbon is 0.71 joules When carbon gets in contact with air, carbon as a graphite burns to form carbon dioxide Graphite can be found in pencils. Carbon can form multiple bonds with other atoms About 20% of weight in living organisms is carbon Carbon is the 4th most abundant element in the universe

Dangers of Carbon Carbon in Solid Form If you inhale carbon black it can damage your heart and lungs.

Germanium Germanium is a grayish white solid metalloid that is crystalline and brittle while remaining its luster during exposure to air. Germanium has a melting point of 938.25 degrees Celsius or 1720.85 degrees Fahrenheit. The boiling point of germanium 2833 degrees Celsius or 5131 degrees Fahrenheit. Germanium has density of 5.323 g/cm^3. Clemens A. Winkler discovered germanium from a mineral sample in a silver mine in Germany in the year of 1886. At red heat (750 degrees Fahrenheit), germanium reacts with oxygen in air to form germanium dioxide.

Germanium Continued Germanium used to be used as a transistor in thousands of electronic applications. However, other semiconductors have replaced it. Germanium and oxygen make germanium dioxide. This can be used in wide-angle camera lenses and objective lenses for microscopes. Germanium and germanium dioxide can be used in infrared spectroscopes.

Germanium solid form Germanium liquid form

Lead Lead is a bluish gray post-transition metal that is solid and very soft and easily melted to a liquid due to a low melting point of 327.462 degrees Celsius (621.432 degrees Fahrenheit). Lead has no taste or odor. It a boiling point of 1749 degrees Celsius or 3180 degrees Fahrenheit. Leads atomic number on the periodic table is 82. It has a specific heat of 0.128 and has a density of 11.34 g/cm^3. Lead has been known since ancient times and no one knows who discovered. Lead can be found everywhere in all parts of the environment like air, water etc. Three interesting facts about lead is that the dust from it is toxic if you breathe it in.

Lead Continued It is a post-transition metal which is also referred to as an other metal or a poor metal. Lead also has excellent malleability and corrosion resistance. Lead used to be used in hair dyes, pipes, paints and pewter etc. It’s no longer used in home products and is banned from doing so due to it being a health hazard. Lead is used for car batteries, pigments, ammunition, cable sheathing, weights for lifting, weight belts for diving, lead crystal glass, radiation protection, some solders, and is often used to store corrosive liquids. Lead is a big health hazard, especially for children.

Lead in Solid and Liquid Form

Physical/Chemical Interesting facts characteristics of Silicon Silver It’s a solid Melting point - 2,577 ℉ Specific heat - 0.71 Density- 2.3296 grams Nonmetal Silicon is the second most abundant element by weight on earth Silicon has 14 protons in the nucleus giving it an atomic number of 14 Silicon is a member of group 14 in the periodic table, located on the right side.

Discovery Is silicon useful? Silicon was discovered in 1824 by Jons Jacob Berzelius, a swedish chemist. He found it by heating chips of potassium in a silica container and then carefully washing away the residual. Silicon is used to make glass, it is also used to make pottery and is a big part of what makes computers work.

Silicon in solid form

Tin Tin is a member of group 14 located on the right side of the periodic table. Tin also falls under the category of the carbon family which also includes silicon, germanium, carbon, and lead. Tins Symbol on the periodic table is SN, the Atomic Number is 50, and the Atomic Mass is 118.69. The Alloy of tin also known as bronze was produced before pure metal. Alloys are 2 or more metallic elements that combine that give strength or resistance to corrosion. Characteristics It is a ¨silver white¨ color It has no definite shape It is a solid at room temperature It is a liquid at 450° f Boiling point is 4717° f It is a post transition metal Density of tin is 7.31 g/cc

Tin Although no one knows who discovered tin, it was discovered in 3000 B.C. Tin can be found in an ore called cassiterite, which is a reddish, brownish, or yellowish mineral consisting of tin dioxide. It is the main ore of tin. These ores are mainly located in China, Thailand, and Indonesia. They can also be mined throughout Peru, Bolivia, And Brazil. One interesting fact is that tin is a post-transition metal meaning, other metals or poor metals. Tin can be found in tin foil, car parts, power tools, electronics and many more items. Some dangers of tin is skin and eye irritation, respiratory irritation, gastrointestinal effects, and neurological problems in humans exposed for a short period of time to high amounts of certain organotin compounds.

Tin Tin in solid form Tin in liquid form

Similarities and differences They are all in group 14. They all contain a shade of grey All of these elements have four electrons in their outermost energy level Differences Lead and tin are both other metals. Germanium and silicon are metalloids while carbon is an other nonmetal. The differences between these post-transitions metals, metalloids, and other nonmetals are the boiling points. Of the Group 14 elements, only carbon and silicon form bonds as nonmetals

5 questions What do all of these elements (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead) have in common? Which of the elements in the carbon group is the most dangerous? Who discovered silicon? What are 3 items containing tin? Which of these elements (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead) are most commonly found on earth?

Answers They all are a shade of grey & they are all in group 14 Germanium Jons Jacob Berzelius Car parts, power tools, and electronics. Carbon