Waves Introduction.

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Presentation transcript:

Waves Introduction

Types of Waves 3 Main Types Mechanical Waves: require a material (medium) to travel through (water, air) Electromagnetic Waves (EM): do not require a medium to travel (ex. Light, radio) Matter waves: produced by electrons and particles

Mechanical Waves Types of Mechanical Waves Longitudinal waves: cause the medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave.

Mechanical Waves Transverse Waves: cause the medium to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave

Mechanical Waves Surface Waves: are both transverse and longitudinal waves mixed in one medium

Measuring Waves The shortest time that a point takes to return to the initial position (one vibration) is called period (T) Seconds per vibration The number of vibrations per second is called frequency (f) and is measured in hertz (Hz) Vibrations per second

Period and frequency have an inverse relationship

The shortest distance between crests (highest points) or troughs (lowest points) is the wavelength (λ, lambda)

By knowing the frequency of a wave and its wavelength, we can calculate the velocity (speed) of the wave v = f λ

The amplitude of a wave is the maximum height of a crest (or depth of a trough) measured from equilibirum

Collision of Waves - Interference The Principle of Superposition When two waves traveling in opposite directions through the same medium collide, the amplitude of the resulting wave will be the sum of the two initial waves

Constructive Interference Amplitude of the initial waves are in the same direction Resulting wave will be larger than the original waves Highest point of constructive interference is called an antinode

Destructive Interference The amplitude of the initial waves are opposite The amplitude of the resulting wave will be zero (if equal) The point in the middle of destructive interference is called a node (no movement)