Light is a WAVE 5.2.1 EM Spectrum & EM Waves
The Speed of Light (well, EM Waves really) EM Waves travel at 3.0 x 108 m/s (in a vacuum). They are slower in denser mediums. Speed of a medium depends on INDEX OF REFRACTION. The closer the index is to 1.0 the faster the medium. Equation Index of Refraction Speed of Light in vacuum in medium
Try it before going to the side with answers! Example 1 What is the speed of light in a medium with an index of refraction of 2.0? Try it before going to the side with answers!
Example 1 What is the speed of light in a medium with an index of refraction of 2.0? n = 2.0 c = 3 x 10 8 m/s v = ? v = 1.5 x 108 m/s
Try it before going to the side with answers! Example 2 The speed of light (f=5.09 × 1014 Hz) in a transparent material is 0.75 times its speed in air. The absolute index of refraction of the material is approximately 0.75 1.3 2.3 4.0 Try it before going to the side with answers!
Example 2 The speed of light (f=5.09 × 1014 Hz) in a transparent material is 0.75 times its speed in air. The absolute index of refraction of the material is approximately 0.75 1.3 2.3 4.0 n = ? c = 3 x 10 8 m/s v = 0.75c (because c is the speed of light in vacuum/air) n = 1.3333
Temperature of bodies emitting the wavelength EM Wave Types An EM Wave’s type depends on its frequency/wavelength 103 10-2 10-5 10-7 10-8 10-10 10-12 Wavelength (m) Freq (Hz) Temperature of bodies emitting the wavelength 1 K 100 K 10000 K 10 million K 104 108 1012 1015 1016 1018 1020 About the size of… Building Human Honey Bee Pinpoint Protozoan Molecules Atoms Atomic Nuclei Radio Microwave Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X-ray Gamma Ray All objects emit EM radiation
Color (Frequency) depends on Temperature https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPQeaAkAM_A
EM Waves Charged objects generate electric fields. When they move, the field changes. Changing electric fields produce MAGNETIC FIELDS. Changing magnetic fields produce ELECTRIC FIELDS. The E-fields and B-fields are perpendicular to each other. Waving a charge back and forth generates an EM WAVE. Require a medium Do not require a medium
Electromagnetic Wave Animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCTRjVEmeC0
Practice The constellation of Orion is a highly recognizable arrangement of stars. There are two very distinct stars in this constellation, Betelgeuse which is a red star and Rigel which is a bluish star. The color red has a wavelength of about 750 nm and the color blue has a wavelength of about 400 nm. Which color has the higher frequency? Which star is hotter, Betelgeuse or Rigel? BLUE RIGEL
Practice An EM wave is traveling through outer space with a frequency of 8.0 x 1013 hertz. What is the wavelength of this wave? v = fλ λ= v / f λ = (3.0 x 108 m/s) / (8.0 x 1013 Hz) λ = (3.8 x 10-6 m) What type of wave is this? Infrared
Practice Listed below are the properties of several EM Waves. State whether the property given is a wavelength or frequency, then state which type of EM Wave it is. 500000 hertz _______________ ______________ 5.0 x 10-9 meter _______________ ______________ 3.0 x 1013 hertz _______________ ______________ 4.5 x 1014 hertz _______________ ______________ 200 meters _______________ ______________ frequency radio wavelength X ray / UV frequency infrared (IR) frequency visible light (red) wavelength radio
End of 5.2.1