Alexandra Cristea Toshio Okamoto and Safia Belkada Concept mapping for Subject Linking in a WWW Authoring Tool: MyEnglishTeacher: TeachersSite ANNIE 2000 Alexandra Cristea Toshio Okamoto and Safia Belkada 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Main research goals free, adaptive, WWW, agent-based, long-distance teaching environment for academic English, for non-native English-speaking academician => 2 environments: student learning environment+ teacher’s courseware design environment. 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Main system modules Story Editor Environment +display Teacher user Expression DB Link DB - Graphics DB - Video DB - Story DB - Audio DB GlA - general student DB PA - private student DBs ... Story Editor Environment +display Teacher user Learning Environment +display Student user 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Hypotheses: authoring many course authors, representing different teaching strategies, with different amounts of time to spend in designing the course, different attention to details ultimate goal is to find the optimal learning path in this heterogeneous net course system helps teaching in adding semantics 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Goals of authoring system Low overhead Great flexibility To allow teachers to input as little or as much material as they want, within some reasonable limits 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Main solutions for course authoring For easy re-usage => course building bricks For adding flexibility & semantics => manual & automatic concept mapping 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

course building bricks 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Texts smallest building block; can have corresponding video/audio attached (of dialog, etc.) attributes: main text, a short title, keywords, explanation, patterns to learn, conclusion, and exercises 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Lessons One or more texts build a LESSON attributes (similar to text): title, keywords, explanation, conclusion, combined exercises 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Exercises attributes: title, keywords, patterns to test, explanation, conclusion This structure allows connecting exercises to rsp. texts and lessons automatically, via relatedness computations 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Test Points The teacher should mark TEST POINTS: a text/ lesson where it is necessary to pass a test in order to proceed (~ game theory). if student wants to jump subjects => 1 test　= combination of tests from current level if student fails => another test generated 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Course graph 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Priority and Relatedness Connections Lesson Text 1 Text 2 ... Text i Text n Lesson Text 1 Text 2 ... Text i Text n Lesson Text 1 Text 2 ... Text i Text n 1 Priority connections Relatedness connections w Test point Lesson Text 1 Text 2 ... Text i Text n New Lesson Text 1 Text 2 ... Text i Text n 2 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Manual concept mapping 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Method1: Input of transversal links Current concept ? Keyword List: concept 1, concept2, …. Title List: title 1; title 2; - - - 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Concept mapping application Linear courseware as opposed to Transversal courseware 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Method2: labeling links subcategory: Simple words Listening to words Listening practice more focus Change focus Listening to sentences Audio material 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Student advice for ex. You can go from here to: Listening practice Listening to words subcategory: Simple words You can go from here to: · Subcategory: simple words “listening to words”, or to · “Audio material”, etc. Audio material 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Courseware Processing views for easy overview + gradual processing in labeling+linking => partial views of whole graph, (bird) 1 concept + its “star”-links (all concepts currently linked to it). (fish) non-linked concepts: “floating”-concepts 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Teacher’s responsibilities only responsible to link own course to existing courses (priority links) cannot link other teacher’s lessons is free to link and label whatever subjects desired (relatedness links) no compulsion to link all texts in the system 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Automatic concept mapping 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Subject relatedness weight computation wA,B0= 1: teacher’s selection; 0.5: system’s generation; 0: rest; } (1) where: wA,B>0: weight between subjects A and B; if wA,B = 0, the relatedness connection disappears 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

wA,B t+tconst =  wA,B t + f1(no. of times connection A,B activated) + + f2(no. of times connection A,B was accepted, when proposed in relation to unknown subject) + + f3(no. of times connection A,B was accepted, when proposed in relation to query) + + f4(no. of times tests related to connection A,B were solved satisfactorily or not) (2) where: (0,1): forgetting rate; f1~f4: linear functions; t: time; tconst: period for weight updated F1: activated by the user or by other users, depending if it is a weight in the global model or the personal one; F4: can be positive or negative tconst exists because: the weights are not updated at every move, otherwise computation becomes too time-consuming 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Conclusions This paper presents a way of using concept mapping techniques (manual & automatic) and breaking of contents into highly structured, information rich pieces of low granularity, in order to support teachers in creating English language teaching material The application field of these techniques is larger, could be used not only for other language teaching materials, but also for other subjects (restricted only by the presentation power of the current system version) This research is just a part of a larger project for academic English teaching 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

Other features of authoring env. at 1st system entry, teacher user must register (next fig.) for confidentiality, teacher user (like student user) must choose pseudonym (username) + password ( to access own profile + courses) 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

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The teachers can change the lesson input as many times as they desire. next : selection menu for extra lesson formatting, correction, and viewing. The teachers can change the lesson input as many times as they desire. 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

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All teachers can view each of the course items All teachers can view each of the course items. However, modification is only allowed for the teacher who is the designer of that specific item. 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan

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Teacher/student users and their private screens 2019/4/7 AI Lab., Japan