welcome to the future!

how can we talk about the future? Future tenses Future simple Be going to Future continuous Future perfect simple Future perfect continuous Shall Other ways to express future Present simple Present continuous To be about to To be on the point/verge To be due to To be to Verbs with future implication Time expressions Adjectives and phrases Future in the past

future simple and be going to - decisions at the moment of speaking: I’ll help you with the your investigation. - predictions: Robots will get real. - promises: I’ll show you how to fix the laptop. - threats: AI will kill us if we don’t do anything about it. - future facts: This new medicine will help you prevent cancer. - offering to do something for somebody: I’ll fix your phone for you. - asking somebody to do something: Will you send me your homework? Be going to - future plans: My dad is going to upgrade his laptop. - predictions based on evidence: Your battery is going to run out very soon.

future continuous and shall - Actions that will be in progress at a specific time in the future: They’ll be taking part in an experiment next week. - Plans and arrangements for the future: Tesla’s CEO will be giving an interview tomorrow. Shall - Make suggestions or an offer: Shall we do it? - Show determination and state intentions: We shall put all our efforts to prevent AI from becoming dangerous. ** Shall is used with WE and I for intentions and it is considered more formal than will.

future perfect simple and continuous - Something that will be finished by or before an specific time in the future: Fran will have uploaded the photos by now. - The length of time that an action will have lasted for at a point of time in the future: I will have had this phone for a month on Thursday. Future perfect continuous - Showing that something will continue until a particular event or time in the future: The boys will have been playing this game for a year when the the new version comes out. - Actions that will be in progress in the future and will have an effect on a later action: Soo she won’t type at all because she will have been using the voice to text app for months.

other ways to express future Present simple - Schedules: The train leaves at 8. Present continuous - A definite arrangement in the near future: I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow. To be about to/ to be on the point/verge - Immediate future: My battery is about to die. To be due to - Formal arrangements: The company is due to launch a game soon. To be to - Formal announcements and obligations: The mobile phone companies are to reduce roaming charges.

other ways to express future Verbs with future implication Intend, foresee, envisage, plan, anticipate, expect, look forward to, count on, hope, fear, dread… - to imply the future: She plans to upgrade her computer soon. - to imply the future and give information about the event: He dreads checking his exam in case he’s failed. Time expressions When we use time expressions such as when, before, after, until, once, by the time to talk about the future, we used them with a present or present perfect tense. - Once you have confirmed the booking, we will send you… - When life is changing dramatically, you will remember my words. When time expressions relate to future in the past, we use past simple or past perfect. - After he had forgotten his password, he would have difficulties…

other ways to express future Future in the past Used to express the idea that in the past you thought something would happen in the future. To express the future from a point of view in the past, we use the respective past tense. - would for offers and promises: She said she would text me. - was/were going to for plans: He was deciding which content was going to upload. - would and was/were going to for predictions: He had no idea this video would/was going to go viral.

other ways to express future Adjectives and phrases expressing the future - Neutral expressions: in the offing, in the pipeline, on the horizon, on the way, forthcoming, upcoming, imminent, ahead. - Expressions and adjectives that show the event is going to happen very soon: upon us, on the verge of, fast approaching. - Expressions that show an event is very probable: on the cards, be bound/sure/certain to. - In store when we don’t know what to expect. - Expressions and adjectives that show the event is negative: be looming, be brewing, impeding.

TASK Write an example for each group of adjectives/expressions related to the topic «Science and Technology»