Reconstruction Purpose: To understand the views and problems facing the United State during Reconstruction

RECONSTRUCTION 1864-1877 TODAY…Key question: What were the various views of the key players in Reconstruction? When we COMPARE these views what do we see? WHAT IS RECONSTRUCTION? MAKE A LIST, WHAT NEEDS TO BE RECONSTRUCTED??

2 Key Reconstruction ?’s How do you put the nation back together AND… …ensure black freedom and even tougher, equality? Can you have healing and justice?

Two views of Reconstruction Compare Jourdan Anderson and Pattie Ann Carter-Dettor’s writings. Why are they both writing? What do they both want from Reconstruction?

What is Frederick Douglass asking/arguing? Evidence? “If war among the whites brought peace and liberty to the blacks, what would peace among the whites bring?” -Frederick Douglass START SOME NOTES: “THE THREE ERAS OF RECONSTRUCTION”

Presidential Reconstruction (1863-1866) Lincoln and later Andrew Johnson battle Congress about what to do with the South Lincoln and Johnson want to let the South in quickly so they can heal the nation quicker, this led to reestablishment of “White Rule” in the South and problems for Freedmen in the South

Radical Reconstruction (1866-1870) Radical Republicans take control of Reconstruction Radical Republicans did this by “Waving the Bloody Shirt,” reminding Union veterans in particular of all the deaths caused by the South The Radical Republicans believed the only way to achieve their goals was to use the power of the Federal Government to go down and enforce their plans

Reconstruction Destroyed (1870-1877) Democrats and white supremacist groups use political violence and economic manipulation to regain control of the South and begin destroying rights of blacks The North essentially grows tired of Reconstruction and loses the will to punish and change the South The North essentially pulls out of the South and allows “White Rule” to return, slightly altered to fit the new reality

President Lincoln’s Plan Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 8, 1863) Replace majority rule with “loyal rule” in the South. Wanted to do as much during the war so he didn’t have to deal with Congress (Its a rebellion!) Pardon to all but the highest ranking military and civilian Confederate officers. When 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and established a government, it would be recognized.

Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance (swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion ). Required a state constitutional convention before the election of state officials. Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties. Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH) Congressman Henry W. Davis (R-MD)

President Andrew Johnson Jacksonian Democrat. Anti-Plantation Owner White Supremacist. Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union. Immediate re-admittance for the South- “that part which is loyal...” (once a few confederates took an oath, they were back in Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!

What actually happens: Summer of 1865, Lincoln is assassinated and Congress is out of session. President Johnson lets in most of the states letting ex-confederates back into Congress…some showing up to Congress in their Confederate uniforms Congress shows back up in late ‘65, passed laws that kicks ex-confederates out and from 1866-1870 Radical Republicans control Reconstruction

REVIEW FROM LAST WEEK What ideas did the following people have about Reconstruction? Lincoln Thaddeus Stephens and Charles Sumner (Radical Republicans) Andrew Johnson?

What CONTEXT do you need to know to understand this cartoon?

Shall I trust these men, and not this man Shall I trust these men, and not this man? (Contextualize this document)

Contextualization/Periodization and Reconstruction: For each document: IDENTIFY THE TERM it connects to CONTEXTUALIZE the document, make at least two bullet points of ideas from Reconstruction that explain this doc CATEGORIZE the document into one of the three eras of Reconstruciton.

“Shall we call our troops home?”

A Man Knows a Man

First Black Congressmen