Using manual modes on your digital camera

P=program (to control exposure compensation) A=aperture priority S=shutter speed priority M=manual (you set aperture AND shutter speed)

A = Aperture (f-stop) The size of the lens opening which is represented by the f-stop # (which is a measurement of the opening)

General Aperture selections …… f/2, f/2. 8, f/4, f/5 General Aperture selections …… f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22

f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22 -Smaller lens opening Less light enters camera -Most of photo is in focus = Large Depth of Field

f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22 Larger lens opening -More light enters camera -Less of photo is in focus = Small Depth of Field

f/2.8 f/5.6 f/16

Determines how long the shutter will remain open for each photograph. S = Shutter Speed Determines how long the shutter will remain open for each photograph. It is a timer!

General Shutter Speed selections…… 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 Think of them like fractions Shutter speed of 1 = 1/1 = 1 second SLOW Shutter speed of 2 = 1/2 = 1/2 of a second Shutter speed of 4 = 1/4 = 1/4 of a second Shutter speed of 8 = 1/8 = 1/8 of a second Shutter speed of 15 = 1/15 = 1/15 of a second Shutter speed of 30 = 1/30 = 1/30 of a second Shutter speed of 60 = 1/60 = 1/60 of a second Shutter speed of 125 = 1/125 = 1/125 of a second Shutter speed of 250 = 1/250 = 1/250 of a second Shutter speed of 500 = 1/500 = 1/500 of a second Shutter speed of 1000 = 1/1000 = 1/1000 of a second FAST

1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 -Faster Shutter Speed Less light enters the camera -Good in bright light situations -Action can be “frozen” Or CLEAR

1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 - Slower Shutter Speed -More light enters the camera Good in low light situations -Action can be “blurred” Or FUZZY

1/40 1/125 1/2500

WHAT IF YOU CAN’T CHANGE YOUR SHUTTER SPEED? USE PANNING Pan with the moving object to make the moving object appear frozen or clear. Pan in opposite direction of the moving object to make the moving object appear to be blurry or fuzzy. CHANGE YOUR MODE For frozen or clear motion set your camera to the SPORTS mode (looks like a running person). For blurry or fuzzy motion trick your camera! Set it to a mode in which the camera thinks you are taking a still shot…..such as PORTRAIT or LANDSCAPE mode.

At what Shutter Speeds should you use a tripod? 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 ?

At what Shutter Speeds should you use a tripod? 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 Why?

At what Shutter Speeds should you use a tripod? 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 Due to CAMERA SHAKE

How do Aperture and Shutter Speed work together for correct exposure?

f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22 Smaller lens opening Less light enters camera Most of photo is in focus = Large Depth of Field Larger lens opening More light enters camera Less of photo is in focus = Small Depth of Field 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 Slower Shutter Speed More light enters the camera Good in low light Action can be “blurred” Faster Shutter Speed Less light enters the camera Good in bright light Action can be “frozen”

You can use a light meter to gage the correct exposure if you are in a MANUAL mode setting. Then adjust your shutter speed for motion and/or your aperture for depth of field.

IF YOU DON’T HAVE A LIGHT METER….. You can (generally) just take a photo in auto mode to get correct light exposure. Then adjust shutter speed and aperture in steps to get the depth of field and/or motion you want. EXAMPLE………

f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22 Smaller lens opening Less light enters camera Most of photo is in focus = Large Depth of Field Larger lens opening More light enters camera Less of photo is in focus = Small Depth of Field 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 Slower Shutter Speed More light enters the camera Good in low light Action can be “blurred” Faster Shutter Speed Less light enters the camera Good in bright light Action can be “frozen”

You now know that f/16 and 1/60 make for a good exposure (right light)…but you want your background blurry (less depth of field). What do you do???

f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22 Smaller lens opening Less light enters camera Most of photo is in focus = Large Depth of Field Larger lens opening More light enters camera Less of photo is in focus = Small Depth of Field 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 Slower Shutter Speed More light enters the camera Good in low light Action can be “blurred” Faster Shutter Speed Less light enters the camera Good in bright light Action can be “frozen”

f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22 Smaller lens opening Less light enters camera Most of photo is in focus = Large Depth of Field Larger lens opening More light enters camera Less of photo is in focus = Small Depth of Field 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 Slower Shutter Speed More light enters the camera Good in low light Action can be “blurred” Faster Shutter Speed Less light enters the camera Good in bright light Action can be “frozen”

f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22 Smaller lens opening Less light enters camera Most of photo is in focus = Large Depth of Field Larger lens opening More light enters camera Less of photo is in focus = Small Depth of Field 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000 Slower Shutter Speed More light enters the camera Good in low light Action can be “blurred” Faster Shutter Speed Less light enters the camera Good in bright light Action can be “frozen”

You now know that f/4 and 1/1000 make for a good exposure (right light)…AND NOW your background will be blurry (less depth of field).

The “film’s” sensitivity to light. ASA/ISO (Film Speed) The “film’s” sensitivity to light.

General Film Speed selections …… 20, 32, 64, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 * A high number = it is very sensitive to light, good for indoor photography, low light situations, photography without a flash, can produces course or grainy photographs. * A low number = it is not as sensitive to light, good for outdoor photography, bright light situations, photography with a flash, produces fine or less grainy photographs.