PREPARED BY: NABIRA BT MANSOR NUR SOLEHAH BT HANAFIAH SITI MAHIRAH BT AB. WAHAB ZAI QURRATU’ AINIE BT ZAINAL ABBIDIN

What is Mobile Learning? A set of technological devices including smartphones, MP3 players, and hand-held computers that might have an impact on language learning. Users using mobile devices with wireless network for acquiring knowledge without being restricted to time and places to immediately and effectively achieve the learning effect. Any service or facility that contributes to acquisition of knowledge regardless of time and location Very much part of the educational technology and can be used in many different subjects. Effective learning: student centred, knowledge centred, assessment centred, & community centred.

Mobile learning & Education MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning) has just started to move learners and teachers out of the classroom setting into the real world. Autonomy, flexibility, freedom and choice are intrinsic features of mobile learning - by exploiting these teachers and materials designers may well be able to promote internalised motivation for independent learning M-learning technologies may continue to broaden the boundaries of the conventional classroom,making it possible for the learning strategy to become as prolific and, possibly, as effective as FTF [Face To Face] learning. Allow students to learn from which location they want to learn by using mobile devices. Beneficial for supporting activities in the classrooms - learning vocabulary through smartphones and their applications is likely more convenient for the learners based on the portability of the devices Several features of M-learning which benefit the students in many ways: 1) Mobility 2) Ubiquity 3) Wireless networking 4) Interactivity 5)Accessibility 6) Privacy The Mobile Learning Academy (2014) identifies mobile learning skills teachers should possess :context-awareness – learning at locations, (Re)search and informational skills, Literacy and reading, Social and collaborative skills, Technical and “new media” skills.

8 competencies teachers should demonstrate in order to use mobile devices for learning Knowledge of the instructional approaches, tools, systems, and processes required for designing and developing effective mobile learning content. Knowledge of the best practices related to the development of mobile learning content. Knowledge of successful mobile learning implementations around the world. Ability to analyse a business situation and the learning context, and recommend appropriate mobile learning solutions to address them. Knowledge of today’s trends, research initiatives and experiments happening in the field of mobile learning. Skills to design and develop effective mobile learning applications to meet business objectives. Passion for learning and improvement in the areas of instructional design and mobile learning, and all related fields Appreciation of the power and effectiveness of mobile learning

Themes Language learning Technology Pedagogy Learning

Methodology

Participants University students (undergraduate and postgraduate) Adult distance language learners Young adults (16-24 years old) Intermediate language learners

Research design and instruments Qualitative Focus group discussion Observation Quantitative Questionnaire survey Pre Test & Post Test Mobile grammar software: Oxford Mixed method Pretest & Post Test, Questionnaire Statistical test- ANOVA Theoretical/ conceptual study

DATA COLLECTION

online Close-ended Data Collection Open ended Past studies survey diaries Descriptive statistical analysis (SPSS) observation Pre-post test Transcribe and document analysis interview Close-ended online

FINDING

Mobile phone has potential to be used for educational purposes. MOBILE LEARNING Mobile phone has potential to be used for educational purposes. Students use a wide range of mobile features & apps. For their learning. Learning comprehension via cell-phoned base audio books is more effective than CD-ROM based audio books. M-learning is more efficient rather than traditional method of learning to help enhancing learners’ vocabulary. The research showed notable effect on mobile learning perception on mobile learning perception towards study habits & continuous learning. Most tertiary level students used mobiles to a great extent for developing their English language learning. Mobile language learning environment more benefited the learners with higher verbal & visual ability. Peer feedbacks in the comment boxes gave significant in improving their technical skills.

Implication Educators Learners Researchers Social skills Lifelong learning Educators Social skills Pedagogical approach Learners Learners’ motivation Collaborative learning Researchers Effective language learning approach

Research Gap Limited Internet connection Wider groups Effective training on mobile learning Different institutions Learners’ willingness