1919 THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES GCSE KEY QUESTION: What was the Treaty of Versailles? What effect did it have on Weimar Germany?

Germany surrendered in 1918 and had become a democratic Republic. REMEMBER: Germany’s leaders hoped this would make the Allies give Germany good peace terms. GCSE 2. 1. In 1919 the Allies met to decide the terms of Peace at Versailles outside Paris.

GCSE The allies took very different views on how to treat Germany: The Americans wanted to treat Germany fairly but firmly The British had lost nearly 1 million men and demanded a firm treaty to punish Germany The French had lost a huge amount of men (over 1 million) and had been invaded for 4 years. They demanded a TOUGH treaty.

GCSE The Treaty was very tough. The German democratic politicians were forced to sign or face INVASION

What was in the Treaty of Versailles? 1. LAND! GCSE 1. LAND! GERMANY WAS FORCED TO GIVE UP ALL ITS OVERSEAS COLONIES IT LOST 13% OF ITS LAND! IT LOST 12% OF ITS POPULATION

2. ECONOMIC GCSE GERMANY ALSO SUFFERED ECONOMICALLY: IT LOST 15% OF ITS AGRICULTURE! IT LOST 16% OF ITS COAL IT LOST 50% OF ITS IRON PRODUCTION

3. WAR GUILT GCSE GERMANY FELT ESPECIALLY ANNOYED AS IT HAD TO ACCEPT SOLE BLAME FOR THE WAR IT DID NOT BELIEVE IT WAS SOLELY TO BLAME AND RESENTED THIS DEEPLY

4. REPARATIONS GCSE GERMANY WAS ALSO MADE TO PAY REPARATIONS OF £6,6 BILLION TO MAKE UP FOR THE DAMAGE CAUSED IN THE WAR. THIS WAS ECONOMICALLY CRIPPLING!

5. MILITARY GCSE THE ALLIES WANTED TO PREVENT GERMANY BUILDING UP ITS MILITARY POWER AGAIN. IT WAS ONLY ALLOWED 6 BATTLESHIPS IT WAS NOT ALLOWED SUBMARINES OR AN AIRFORCE IT WAS NOT ALLOWED CONSCRIPTION IT WASN’T ALLOWED ANY TANKS ITS ARMY WAS LIMITED TO 100,000 MEN

LAND! ECONOMIC WAR GUILT REPARATIONS MILITARILY ALL ITS OVERSEAS COLONIES 13% OF GERMANYS LAND! 12% OF ITS POPULATION IT LOST 15% OF ITS AGRICULTURE LOST 6% OF ITS COAL 50% OF ITS IRON! GCSE LOVELY EMMA GETS REALLY MAD!! WAR GUILT REPARATIONS GERMANY HAD TO ACCEPT IT WAS SOLELY TO BLAME FOR THE WAR THEY HAD TO PAY £6.6 BILLION OF REPARATIONS TO THE ALLIES MILITARILY ARMY LIMITED TO 100,000 MEN NO AIR FORCE NO TANKS NO SUBMARINES ONLY 6 BATTLESHIPS

LOVELY EMMA GETS REALLY MAD!!

1. LAND! GCSE GERMANY WAS FORCED TO GIVE UP ALL ITS OVERSEAS COLONIES IT LOST 13% OF ITS LAND AND POPULATION! IT LOST THE PROVINCES OF ALSACE & LORRAINE TO FRANCE IN THE WEST IT HAD TO KEEP THE RHINELAND – ITS BORDER WITH FRANCE – DEMILITARISED. IT LOST A LOT OF LAND TO POLAND. THE POLISH TOOK LAND CALLED THE POLISH CORRIDOR WHICH SPLIT GERMANY IN TWO IN THE EAST -13%

RHINELAND ALSACE & LORRAINE POLISH CORRIDOR (Demilitarised – no soldiers allowed) ALSACE & LORRAINE (Lost to France) All Germanys colonies were lost UNION WITH AUSTRIA FORBIDDEN POLISH CORRIDOR (Given to Poland – this split Germany in two)

2. ECONOMIC GCSE GERMANY WAS DAMAGED ECONOMICALLY IT HAD LOST A LOT OF ITS LAND AND COLONIES TO SELL TO AND BUY FROM IT LOST 50% OF ITS IRON PRODUCTION IT LOST 15% OF ITS AGRICULTURE IT LOST 16% OF ITS COAL PRODUCTION

3. GUILT GCSE GERMANY WAS FORCED TO AGREE THAT IT ALONE WAS GUILTY FOR THE WAR AND THEREFORE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MASSIVE DAMAGE CAUSED This was hated by many Germans who felt that it was wrong to blame them solely for World War 1

GERMANY GERMANY ALLIES

4. REPARATIONS GCSE GERMANY WAS FORCED TO PAY FOR THE MASSIVE COSTS OF THE WAR. THIS WOULD BE A HUGE BURDEN ON AN ALREADY WEAKENED COUNTRY THEY WERE TO PAY £6.6 BILLION TO THE ALLIES TO PAY FOR THE WAR DAMAGE CAUSED

5. MILITARY GCSE The Allies were determined that Germany would never be able to wage war again. They wanted to permanently weaken their armed forces. GERMANY WAS ONLY ALLOWED AN ARMY OF 100,000 CONSCRIPTION WAS FORBIDDEN! NO TANKS WERE ALLOWED NO AIR FORCE WAS ALLOWED NO SUBMARINES WERE ALLOWED GERMANY WAS ONLY ALLOWED 6 BATTLESHIPS