Trait Theories Ch. 14 Section 5.

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Presentation transcript:

Trait Theories Ch. 14 Section 5

What is a trait? A predisposition to respond in a certain way in many different situations. Trait Theory: Every trait applies to all people. Traits can be quantified (like on a scale of 1 to 10). We all have the same ingredients, just in different amounts.

I. Gordon Allport: Identifying Traits Our traits are consistent. Categorized 3 kinds of traits: CARDINAL TRAIT: so pervasive, a person identifies as that trait (ex: Ebenezer Scrooge) CENTRAL TRAIT: makes us predictable in most situations (ex: flirtatious, assertive) SECONDARY TRAIT: influences our taste/preferences, like in music, fashion, food. (ex: listens to metal; would never even try sushi, etc.)

II. Raymond Cattell: 16-Trait Theory Used factor analysis to quantify traits. Found 46 traits called surface traits- observable behavior. Clustered them into 16 source traits- at the core of everyone’s personality and can be used to predict people’s behavior. Everyone has these traits, but in different amounts.

III. Hans Eysenck: Dimensions of Personality Two basic dimensions of personality: Stability vs. Instability (the degree to which a person has control over their emotions) Extraversion vs. Introversion

IV. The Robust Five Theory Five traits appear repeatedly in different research studies: 1. Extraversion (vs. Introversion) 2. Agreeableness (vs. Cruelty) 3. Conscientiousness (vs. Irresponsible) 4. Openness to experience (vs. Close-mindedness) 5. Emotional Stability (vs. Neurotic)