PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding The Nature of Conflict The Process of Conflict Transformation & Reconciliation

PURSUING PEACE

WHAT IS PEACE? WORKSHOP 1: 1. Personal Reflection: 5 minutes 2. Group Understanding: 10 minutes 3. Class Understanding: 10 minutes

LOOKING AT PEACE IN SEVERAL LAYERS INEVITABLE PRESENCE OF KOSMOS SALAM SHALOM JUST PEACE UNJUST GLOBALISM PAX ROMANA THE PEACE OF GOD -- THE KIND THAT TRANSCENDS UNDERSTANDING THE HIGHEST FORM OF PEACE ACHIEVABLE BY HUMAN BEINGS SUPPRESSION OF CONFLICT MILITARY POLITICAL ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS TRANFORMATIVE ENGAGEMENT

E EMPIREBUILDING=DISASTROUSLIVING A THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOST DEVASTATING DISASTER IN THE STORY OF HUMANITY ALIENATION--DISHARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Alienation from God (Spiritual Disaster) Alienation from the Self (Psycho-Social Disaster) E Alienation from Others (Social-Political Disaster) Alienation from the Creation (Economic-Ecological Disaster) EMPIREBUILDING=DISASTROUSLIVING

Values of the Global Empire in the 21st Century CHALLENGES FOR BIBLICAL SHALOMLIVING Values of the Global Empire in the 21st Century Extreme Individualism This is the most emphasized modern cultural value being communicated in the big media, causing the family and community to be disintegrated. Practical Materialism Many families may be religious during Sunday mornings, but practicing materialists during most of the week, influenced more by commercial advertisements and greed-oriented consumerism than by biblical principles, biblical ethics, and biblical morality. A Culture of Violence and War A belief system that human conflicts and differences are ultimately resolved by the use of force; thus, justifying personal, domestic social, and political violence. A Mechanistic View of People In opposition to the biblical view of people, a mechanistic view treats humans and the creation as machine-projects rather than living organisms who are also story-subjects. Thus, the family, the church and the community is seen as an organization to be fixed rather than an organism to be healed.

HARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS A THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE THE PEACE OF GOD IS GOOD NEWS HARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Harmony with the Creator (Spiritual Transformation) Harmony with my Being (Psycho-Social Transformation) Harmony with Others (Social-Political Transformation) Harmony with the Creation (Economic-Ecological Transformation) PEACEBUILDING=SALAAM-SHALOMLIVING

A strategic advancement of Just-Peace using non-violent processes. PEACEKEEPING The use of legitimate and greater military force to overpower other armed forces that are deemed illegitimate, for the purpose of “peace and order.” PEACEBUILDING A strategic advancement of Just-Peace using non-violent processes. PEACEMAKING The application of the principles of Jesus Christ in the process of peacebuilding based on biblical salam-shalom.

PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace

UNDERSTANDING STRATEGIC PEACEBUILDING

WHAT IS PEACEBUILDING? A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY that encompasses, generates, and sustains the full array of processes, approaches, and stages needed to transform conflict toward more sustainable, peaceful relationships. AS A WIDE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES peacebuilding has many functions--conflict transformation, military intervention and conversion, governance and policymaking, restorative and transitional justice, environmental protection, human rights, civilian and military peacekeeping, peace education, activism and advocacy, trauma healing, and social-economic development. RECONCILIATION is the central component of peacebuilding. The conflicting parties must be willing to go on a journey from resolution of issues to rebuilding of relationships.

SUSTAINABLE PEACEBUILDING PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION PEACEBUILDING present & future PRESENT CONFLICTED REALITIES analysis DESIRED FUTURE: JUST-PEACE & RECONCILIATION visioning

MUST BE CONSISTENT WITH IN PEACEBUILDING… OUR VALUES OUR PROCESSES OUR STRUCTURES MUST BE CONSISTENT WITH OUR ENDS

ACTORS TO PEACEBUILDING ACTIONS LEVEL 1: TOP LEADERSHIP LEVEL 2: MIDDLE-RANGE LEADERSHIP LEVEL 3: GRASSROOTS LEADERSHIP :: Focus on high-level negotiations :: Emphasizes ceasefire :: Led by highly visible, single mediator :: Problem-solving workshops :: Training in conflict resolution :: Peace Commissions :: Insider-partial teams :: Local Peace Commissions :: Grassroots training :: Prejudice reduction :: Psycho-social work in post-war trauma FEW AFFECTED POPULATION MANY

AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR A PAR MOVEMENT Adopted from John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies (USIP, Wash., DC, 1997, p. 80) ROOT CAUSES What are the root causes of the crisis? VISION: PEACE & RECONCILIATION What are the social structures and relationships we desire? FOUR TRANSFORMATIONS How do we get from crisis to desired change? CRISIS MANAGEMENT How do we manage the immediate crisis? PREVENTION How do we prevent the crisis from recurring? SYSTEM SUB-SYSTEM LEVEL OF RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP ISSUE CRISIS INTER- VENTION PREPARATION AND TRAINING DESIGN OF SOCIAL CHANGE DESIRED FUTURE 6WKS-1YR 1YR - 2YRS 2YRS-5YRS 5-10+YRS TIME FRAME OF ACTIVITY

PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding

THE NATURE OF CONFLICT

CONFLICT Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce recources, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals.

DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT PERSONAL RELATIONAL STRUCTURAL CULTURAL

CONFLICTS ARE LIKE TREES LEAVES: EFFECTS OF CONFLICT :: armed clashes :: looting :: killing :: raids :: displacement :: poverty :: domestic violence :: addiction MISSING GOD’S STANDARD FOR HUMANITY AND THE WHOLE CREATION TRUNK: CORE ISSUES :: land, ancestral domain :: right to self-determination :: historical injustice :: colonial mentality :: ethnic prejudice :: culture of violence ROOTS: CAUSES OF CONFLICT :: colonialism/foreign oppression :: unjust laws :: graft and corruption :: theologies of violence

DIFFERING APPROACHES TO CONFLICT CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT SETTLEMENT CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION

PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding The Nature of Conflict

THE PROCESS OF CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION

CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION is to envision and respond to the ebb and flow of social conflict as life-giving opportunities for creating constructive change processes that reduce violence, increase justice in direct interaction and social structures, and respond to real-life problems in human relationships.

SOCIAL Respect. Security. Participation. BASIC HUMAN NEEDS AND RIGHTS SOCIAL Respect. Security. Participation. CULTURAL Culture. Religion. Identity. MATERIAL Food. Shelter. Health Care

WORKSHOP 2: CONFLICT-IN-CONTEXT CONFLICT. What’s the equivalent word for this idea in your own language? What does it mean literally? 2. CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION. What’s the equivalent word for this idea in your own language? What does it mean literally?

HOW CONFLICT DIVIDES A COMMUNITY CASE NEEDS INTERVENTION DESTRUCTIVE 7. POLARIZATION Change in social organization LESS ACCURATE COMMUNICATION 6. ANTAGONISM Hostility 5. EYE FOR AN EYE Reaction & escalation LESS DIRECT CONTACT P CASE NEEDS INTERVENTION _ 4. NEGATIVE TRIANGLE Talk negatively about, not with P MORE VIOLENCE 3. ISSUE PROLIFERATION From specific to general P P LESS TRUST P 2. SHIFT FROM DISAGREEMENT TO PERSONAL ANTAGONISM Person seen as problem P= =P 1. PROBLEM-SOLVING Disagree but share problem CONSTRUCTIVE P

PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding The Nature of Conflict The Process of Conflict Transformation

THE PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION

PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION Reconciliation is focused on building relationship between antagonists. Reconciliation is a place, a locus, a space created for encounter by the parties. Reconciliation is a great theological concept and a proven practical course of action.

PARADOXICAL ENERGIZERS OF RECONCILIATION MERCY JUSTICE PEACE TRUTH

MERCY. TRUTH. JUSTICE. PEACE. WORKSHOP 4: MERCY. TRUTH. JUSTICE. PEACE. If Mercy, Truth, Justice, and Peace are persons, how would you describe their respective characters? Please elaborate. MERCY TRUTH JUSTICE PEACE

RECONCILIATION-IN-CONTEXT WORKSHOP 3: RECONCILIATION-IN-CONTEXT RECONCILIATION. The equivalent word for this idea in our own dialect is… It literally means… 2. THE PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION IN OUR CULTURE involves the following steps or approaches: a. b. c.

THE JOURNEY TOWARDS RECONCILIATION CASE NEEDS INTERVENTION DESTRUCTIVE 7. POLARIZATION Change in social organization 7. CEASEFIRE Realize effects of violence MORE ACCURATE COMMUNICATION 6. MONITOR CEASEFIRE Seek mediation 6. ANTAGONISM Hostility M M 5. EYE FOR AN EYE Reaction & escalation 5. AGREE TO NEGOTIATE Proactive de-escalation M MORE DIRECT CONTACT P CASE NEEDS INTERVENTION M + 4. POSITIVE TRIANGLE Talk positively about, not with 4. NEGATIVE TRIANGLE Talk negatively about, not with P LESS VIOLENCE M MORE TRUST 3. ISSUE PROLIFERATION From specific to general 3. ISSUE CLARIFICATION From general to specific P P M P P 2. SHIFT FROM DISAGREEMENT TO PERSONAL ANTAGONISM Person seen as problem 2. SHIFT FROM PERSONAL ANTAGONISM TO DISAGREEMENT Person not seen as problem P= =P P 1. PROBLEM-SOLVING Disagree but share problem 1. STICK WITH PROBLEM-SOLVING Disagree but share problem P CONSTRUCTIVE

E EMPIREBUILDING=DISASTROUSLIVING A THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOST DEVASTATING DISASTER IN THE STORY OF HUMANITY ALIENATION--DISHARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Alienation from God (Spiritual Disaster) Alienation from the Self (Psycho-Social Disaster) E Alienation from Others (Social-Political Disaster) Alienation from the Creation (Economic-Ecological Disaster) EMPIREBUILDING=DISASTROUSLIVING

Values of the Global Empire in the 21st Century CHALLENGES FOR BIBLICAL SHALOMLIVING Values of the Global Empire in the 21st Century Extreme Individualism This is the most emphasized modern cultural value being communicated in the big media, causing the family and community to be disintegrated. Practical Materialism Many families may be religious during Sunday mornings, but practicing materialists during most of the week, influenced more by commercial advertisements and greed-oriented consumerism than by biblical principles, biblical ethics, and biblical morality. A Culture of Violence and War A belief system that human conflicts and differences are ultimately resolved by the use of force; thus, justifying personal, domestic social, and political violence. A Mechanistic View of People In opposition to the biblical view of people, a mechanistic view treats humans and the creation as machine-projects rather than living organisms who are also story-subjects. Thus, the family, the church and the community is seen as an organization to be fixed rather than an organism to be healed.

HARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS A THEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE THE PEACE OF GOD IS GOOD NEWS HARMONY IN OUR BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Harmony with the Creator (Spiritual Transformation) Harmony with my Being (Psycho-Social Transformation) Harmony with Others (Social-Political Transformation) Harmony with the Creation (Economic-Ecological Transformation) PEACEBUILDING=SALAAM-SHALOMLIVING

A NETWORK OF PEACEBUILDING COMMUNITIES AN INVITATION TO DREAM AND TO WORK TOGETHER TO BUILD A NETWORK OF PEACEBUILDING COMMUNITIES THROUGHOUT OUR BEAUTIFUL LAND

1. LOVE 2. TRUTH 3. JUSTICE 4. FORGIVENESS 5. PEACE P.A.R. VALUES 1. LOVE 2. TRUTH 3. JUSTICE 4. FORGIVENESS 5. PEACE 6. VOLUNTARY SERVICE 7. RESPECT 8. PATIENCE 9. MUTUAL LEARNING 10. ACCOUNTABILITY Which of these values are currently difficult for you to put into practice?

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PEACE AND RECONCILIATION BASIC COURSE Pursuing Peace Understanding Strategic Peacebuilding The Nature of Conflict The Process of Conflict Transformation & Reconciliation