DNA Transcription and Translation March 2013

Nucleic Acid Polymers that hold genetic material What the “NA” stands for in DNA Other than DNA there is another type of Nucleic Acid- RNA

DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA # OF STRANDS NITROGEN BASES TYPE OF 5-CARBON SUGAR PURPOSE

DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA 2 1 A, T, C, G A, U, G, C U=Uracil Deoxyribose # OF STRANDS 2 1 NITROGEN BASES A, T, C, G A, U, G, C U=Uracil TYPE OF 5-CARBON SUGAR Deoxyribose Ribose PURPOSE Store genetic information Transfer genetic information

Practice ACT ACG ATC GAC TAT UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA DNA Strand: What is the Complementary RNA strand? UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA

What Does RNA Do? Reads and transfers information from DNA to parts of the cell responsible for Building Proteins Is a temporary, reusable copy of the Genetic Code of certain Genes

Types of RNA mRNA tRNA Messenger RNA Forms a Template of DNA in the Nucleus After being formed, the mRNA leaves the Nucleus and travels to the Ribosome tRNA Transfer RNA Connects to the mRNA in the Cytoplasm Transfers Amino Acids (Makes up the new Protein) to the Ribosome as the Protein is being produced

Transcription (To Transcribe) Copying DNA into RNA Involves: Separated DNA Molecule, mRNA, Nucleotides, RNA Polymerase STEP 1 RNA Polymerase unzips the Gene that codes for the needed protein STEP 2 RNA Nucleotides use the DNA as a template to build a strand of mRNA STEP 3 The mRNA strand travels out of the Nucleus to a Ribosome so the new Protein can be synthesized

A Few New Words Codon: A set of 3 Nucleotides Anticodon: 3 tRNA Nucleotides which complement a Codon Amino Acid: Building block of a Protein

What is the mRNA Code Sequence?

Transcription Video 4:50-5:35

Sketch The Process of Transcription

Translation Synthesize Protein using the information from mRNA Involves: mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, ribosome STEP 1 mRNA codons arrive at the Ribosome in the Cytoplasm and send a signal for tRNA to pick up Amino Acids in the cell STEP 2 tRNA receives a matching Amino Acid by finding the complementary Anti Codon to the mRNA Codon STEP 3 Amino Acid chain begins to form into a Protein

Translation Video: Sketch 7:45-10:50

Final Products Amino Acid Chains (Proteins) are built to perform specific functions in the cell In the cell, Proteins have numerous jobs: Control the rate of reactions Regulate cell processes Form bones and muscles Transport substances into or out of cells Help to fight disease