RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

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Presentation transcript:

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

RNA RNA: ribonucleic acid Carries out protein synthesis Differences from DNA: different sugar (ribose) single strand different base no thymine URACIL instead

3 Types of RNA: Messenger RNA: (mRNA) carries nucleotide sequence from nucleus to ribosome Transfer RNA: (tRNA) picks up amino acid in cytoplasm and carries them to ribosome Ribosomal RNA: (rRNA)found in ribosome, joins mRNA and tRNA; forms protein

Process of Transcription Transcription- process that makes mRNA from DNA DNA unzips into 2 separate strands A. DNA Helicase is the enzyme that breaks H-bond 2. Free floating RNA NITROGEN BASES in the nucleus pair up w/unzipped DNA NITROGEN BASES: A. Cytosine(C) pairs with Guanine(G) * (G) with (C) B. Uracil (U) pairs with Adenine(A) * (A) with (U) ***remember (T) is only with DNA

3. After all the pairing is done: a single strand of RNA has been produced. 4. A genetic code from DNA is transferred to mRNA 5. The code obtained from DNA lets the mRNA know which amino acids to pick up: code is a set of 3 nitrogen bases = Codon

Transcription Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) RNA polymerase DNA RNA

Translation Conversion of RNA into amino acid sequence that makes a protein The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm Ribosomes attach to mRNA tRNA (carrying anti-codon) picks up the correct amino acids and carries them to the mRNA strand forming the protein Ex: tRNA carries GAU (anti-codon)& looks for CUA on mRNA

Translation mRNA tRNA mRNA Nucleus Lysine Phenylalanine Methionine Ribosome mRNA Start codon

Translation (continued) Growing polypeptide chain Ribosome tRNA Lysine tRNA mRNA mRNA Ribosome Translation direction