Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages (March 2012)

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Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 217-224 (March 2012) Untreated clinical course of cerebral cavernous malformations: a prospective, population-based cohort study Dr Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, FRCP, Julie M Hall, FRCR, Margaret A Horne, MSc, Fiona Moultrie, MBChB, Colin B Josephson, MD, Jo J Bhattacharya, FRCR, Carl E Counsell, MD, Prof Gordon D Murray, PhD, Vakis Papanastassiou, FRCS[SN], Vaughn Ritchie, MBChB, Richard C Roberts, DPhil, Robin J Sellar, FRCR, Prof Charles P Warlow, FRCP The Lancet Neurology Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 217-224 (March 2012) DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70004-2 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during follow-up in studies of the untreated clinical course of over 20 participants with cerebral cavernous malformations Areas of point estimates are proportional to the sample size of each study. Error bars represent 95% CIs (if available or calculable). The Lancet Neurology 2012 11, 217-224DOI: (10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70004-2) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Flowcharts showing the outcomes of adults included in the analyses ICH=intracranial haemorrhage. FND=focal neurological deficit. *Event definitely related to cerebral cavernous malformation. †Event possibly related to cerebral cavernous malformation. The Lancet Neurology 2012 11, 217-224DOI: (10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70004-2) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression to first or second intracranial haemorrhage definitely attributable to cerebral cavernous malformation ICH=intracranial haemorrhage. The Lancet Neurology 2012 11, 217-224DOI: (10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70004-2) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression to first or second intracranial haemorrhage or focal neurological deficit definitely or possibly attributable to cerebral cavernous malformation ICH=intracranial haemorrhage. FND=focal neurological deficit. The Lancet Neurology 2012 11, 217-224DOI: (10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70004-2) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Sex-stratified Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression to second intracranial haemorrhage or focal neurological deficit definitely or possibly attributable to cerebral cavernous malformation ICH=intracranial haemorrhage. FND=focal neurological deficit. The Lancet Neurology 2012 11, 217-224DOI: (10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70004-2) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions