September 18, 2003 FORTH Heraklion Crete, Greece DALHM 2ND MEETING September 18, 2003 FORTH Heraklion Crete, Greece

outline to do list review photonic crystal measurements & simulations CMM measurements & simulations conclusion & comments future work

Photonic Crystals Simulation of photonic crystal based superlensing Photonic crystal based superlensing experiment Simulation of negative refraction through a photonic crystal Simulation of the point source radiation through a photonic crystal with neff>0

Composite Metamaterials Phase measurements of 1D CMMs Negative refraction using 1D CMM wedge structure Zeff =1 measurement using 1D CMM Single SRR resonance measurement Construction of 2D CMM Transmission measurements of 2D CMM Negative refraction using 2D CMM Investigating defect and antenna applications

Photonic Crystal Simulations

Crete PC structure Photonic crystal with all angle negative refraction1: Hexagonal lattice n = 3.6 r/a = 0.35 ωa/2πc = 0.58 1S. Foteinopoulou, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 107402 (2003).

Band structure calculations

5th Band Equal frequency contours

Bilkent alumina based PC Hexagonal lattice n = 3.1 (alumina) r/a = 0.32 ωa/2πc ~ 0.69

Lateral Field component profiles at the focal plane

Composite Metamaterial measurements

Left-Handed Materials L=8.65 mm w=0.35mm r=0.9 mm Parameters: ax=8.8 mm ay=8.8mm az=6.5 mm Nx=15 Ny=15 y z x Dashed wire structure

Left-Handed Materials w t d r1 r2 SRR Parameters: r1=2.5 mm, r2=3.6 mm, d=w=0.2 mm t=0.9 mm Parameters: ax=8.8 mm ay=8.8mm az=6.5 mm Nx=15 Ny=15

Phase Measurements in Composite Meta Materials

Phase dispersion for n>0 material (PCB board)

Phase difference as a function of thickness for n>0 material (PCB board)

Phase dispersion as a function of resonant element number for SRR+Wire CMM

Phase dispersion as a function of resonant element number for SRR+Wire CMM

Phase difference as a function of thickness for 1D CMM

1D CMM Wedge Measurements 2 by1 Wedge structure: Wedge angle θ=34o Smallest edge: 8 elements Largest edge: 19 elements

θ=34o ~65 cm ~40cm

Angular spectrum analysis Maximum at LHS: Tmax=-4.952 dB, ω=13.4048 GHz, θ=-26o Maximum at RHS at this frequency: Tmax=-6.899 dB, ω=13.4048 GHz, θ=69o Overall max Tmax=-2.773 dB, ω=11.7517 GHz, θ=54o

Angular Transmission profile at LHS max.

Angular Transmission profile at several frequencies

Conclusions Negative refraction confirmed in FORTH group’s photonic crystal Point focusing demonstrated in FORTH group’s photonic crystal. A photonic crystal with experimentally accessible parameters is proposed for superlensing, and simulated numerically. Detailed phase measurements performed on CMMs indicate that the phase advance might be negative. Refraction through a 1D wedge CMM is performed. No clear indication of negative refraction is observed yet.

Ongoing/Future Work Negative refraction and point focusing experiments using the proposed photonic crystal structure. Repeating phase analysis on several structures Refraction experiment using 2D CMM structure. …

2D CMM using two side printed PCBs