Unit 2 Notes: Everything on the Periodic Table

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 2 Notes: Everything on the Periodic Table

(1) The Periodic Table A chart Organizes the different types of elements by various characteristics: Reactivity Average Atomic Mass Metal vs. Non-Metal Bonding Properties

(2) Mendeleev First Chemist to notice element patterns. Created a primitive version of our periodic table.

(3) Atoms vs. Elements Atom: The most basic unit of matter. Made of protons, neutrons and electrons. Element: A specific type of atom, classified by its number of protons, neutrons and electrons. Examples: Carbon and Oxygen are both types of atoms. Carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons. Oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons and 8 electrons.

(4) Groups vs. Periods Group: Vertical Column in the periodic table. Examples: 1A, 2A, 5A, etc. Period: Horizontal row in the periodic table. Examples: Row 1, 2, 3, etc.

(5) Atomic Mass: Atomic Mass: The weight of that single element on earth. Measured in grams. Mass of the atom’s protons + neutrons. Table Patterns: Left  Right: Atomic Mass Increases Top  Bottom: Atomic Mass Increases Heaviest = Bottom Right Lightest = Top Left

(6) Reactivity Reactivity: How easily an element/atom will react with other substances. Table Patterns: Left  Right: No real reactivity patterns. Top  Bottom: Increases on the Left Side Top  Bottom: Decreases on the Right Side

(7) Metals & Non-Metals Metals: Elements found on the Left side of the periodic table (generally solids). Non-Metals: Elements found on the Right side of the periodic table. The Stair Case: A Zig-Zag line which separates the metals from non-metals. Metalloids = Elements directly along the staircase.

(8) Group Names: Alkali Metals = Group 1A Alkaline Earth Metals = Group 2A Halogens = Group 7A Noble Gases = Group 8A Transition Elements = Middle Lanthanides & Actinides = 2 rows of elements beneath the table

Noble Gases Alkali Metals Halogens Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Elements Lanthanides & Actinides