Max Granat Candidate Number: 0118 Centre Number: US799 To what extent does global trade impact global development?-The Socio-Cultural Perspective Max Granat Candidate Number: 0118 Centre Number: US799 Group Members: Braden Strackman Ashiqur Rahman

Globalization in the 21st century Essentially, globalization is the development of a more integrated and connected global economy fostered through international trade and the free flow of capital. Cultural Globalization Cultural Globalization, is the transfer of ideas, meanings, and values around the world.

The importance of global trade Global trade is the exchange (import and export) of goods and services across international borders. Has become more accessible and efficient in the past century. Global trade fosters economic growth through increased commercial opportunities as well as increases access to higher- quality lower priced goods.

Negative consequences of Global Trade Rise in wealth inequality Cultural Protectionism and religious radicalism Job Outsourcing

Global Trade in Miami Miami, Florida has a large amount of immigrants. Miami is one of the highest ranking cities in the U.S in relation to wealth inequality as well as ranking in last place among U.S metropolitan cities when it comes to workers trained in STEM(Science Technology Eningeering Mathematics)-related science fields.

Lack of development in Miami Miami is a hub for trade with Latin American countries. According to the organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Latin American only makes up roughly 3% of the worlds research and development compared to Asia making up 30%.

Poverty in Zambia Zambia faces significant wealth inequality and poverty. ”Rising inequality is undoubtedly rooted in scanty opportunities for gainful employment with about 84% of the employed working in the informal sector with low earnings”. (Zambia Daily Mail Limited, Reversing rising income inequality in Zambia) University educated workers account for less than 1% of the workforce. Low-wages decrease affordability of basic needs such as education, food, and housing.

Implications of Global Trade in Zambia Zambia’s main export is copper, yet employment in the mining industry makes up less than 2% of the workforce. Mining sector owned by private companies. Wealth concentrated in business elite. Lack of higher level education does not allow for creation of more integrated high-wage businesses.

Poverty in Brazil Low investment in public education Brazil has one of the largest gaps in wealth inequality in South America. Brazil is the most outstanding South American country since 10% of the richest absorb 50.6% of all income compared to the 0.8% going to the poorest. (South Atlantic News Agency Gap between rich and poor in Latinoamerica is largest in the world, says UN) Low investment in public education Lack of educated workers

Implications of Global Trade in Brazil Brazil has an ineffective income distribution system. Brazils main exports are Soybeans and Iron ore. “Brazils economy is controlled by a group of about 12 corporations that together represent more than 50% of the total wealth generated by the 20 richest companies in Brazil”.- Anderson Antunes Lack of investment in impoverished areas such as slums and shantytowns. Development and investment are being focused in financial centers to the expense of rural development.

How do we go about fixing this? One solution to this problem would be the implementation of policies that allow a country to place heavier taxes on the wealthier and use that money towards investment of education systems.

Conclusion The 21st century brings the world more connected than ever before, and it important as a country to try and integrate into the world economy or risk being left behind. Partaking in global trade is one of the best ways to increase global development, yet it may not be effective in the complete development of a nation if the nation’s poor are not able to partake in and benefit from the profits of trade.

Sources Bernstein, William B. "How has trade shaped the world?" Yale School of Management. September 20, 2016. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/how-has-trade-shaped-the- world. Radcliffe, Brent. "The Effect Of Trade On International Growth." Investopedia. April 01, 2013. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/040113/effect-trade-international- growth.asp. Lima, Debora . "Study outlines challenges facing the South Florida economy." Bizjournals.com. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/news/2016/06/17/study- outlines-challenges-facing-the-south-florida.html. Padgett, Tim. "How Miami (And The U.S.) Are Becoming Latin America." WLRN. Accessed October 05, 2017. http://wlrn.org/post/how-miami-and-us-are-becoming-latin-america. Mwenge, Felix. "Reversing rising income inequality in Zambia." Zambia Daily Mail. Accessed October 07, 2017. https://www.daily-mail.co.zm/reversing-rising-income-inequality-in-zambia/.

Sources "Trade Policy and Negotiations." Center For Global Development. March 29, 2016. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.cgdev.org/topics/trade-policy-negotiation. Antunes, Anderson. "The 20 Companies That Own Brazil." Forbes. January 29, 2014. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2014/01/23/the-20-companies- that-own-brazil/#7abaeff82ec9. "Brazil." OEC - Brazil (BRA) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners. Accessed November 07, 2017. https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/bra/. Troyjo, Marcos. "In Order to Reemerge, Brazil Will Need More Global Trade." The Huffington Post. August 02, 2016. Accessed October 05, 2017. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/in-order-to- reemerge-brazil-will-need-more-global_us_57a0aa57e4b004301c51dbf8. Leahy, Joa, and Andres Schipani. "Culture of corruption engulfs Brazilian elite." Financial Times. Accessed November 07, 2017. https://www.ft.com/content/3490dbb8-4050-11e7-9d56- 25f963e998b2.

Sources Hobbes, Michael. "Why Is Zambia So Poor? And Will Things Ever Get Better?" Pacific Standard. September 12, 2013. Accessed November 07, 2017. https://psmag.com/economics/zambia-poor-poverty-globalization-mining-corruption- 66080. Anyangwe, Eliza. "Why is Africa so poor? You asked Google – here's the answer." The Guardian. June 28, 2017. Accessed October 07, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jun/28/why-africa-so-poor-google.

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