Civil War and Reconstruction SS8H5 b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War, Include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.

Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, VA

The War Begins in 1861 In April of 1861, after South Carolina fights to keep Ft. Sumter, four more states secede from the Union and the Confederate States of America, CSA is formed.

Lincoln tries to Preserve the Union Even though he faces opposition, Lincoln focuses on the preservation of the United States, (the Union) He does not agree with slavery but does not want to initially push the issue He takes volunteers and also begins using a draft to build up the army. Both sides think if there is war, it will end quickly

The Confederacy President-Jefferson Davis Vice President- Alexander Stephens (from GA) The cabinet of the Confederate States at Montgomery, 1861 June 1 , Harpers Weekly

Resources of Each Side North South 23 states 22 million people Trained army(small) and navy 22,000 miles of Railroad track 100,000 factories with 1.1 million workers 11 states 9 million people(about 4 million were slaves) No standing army or navy 9,000 miles of Railroad track 20,000 factories with 100,000 workers

Rating the North & the South

Resources: North & the South

WEAPONS Rifle (muzzle loader) calls for a change in tactics, although most leaders are slow to grasp its impact and use Napoleonic tactics (shoulder to shoulder). Rifled and smooth-bore artillery could be mass-produced. Ranges were well over a mile, though accuracy was not great at long ranges

Inventions/ Innovations Telegraph Ironclads Aerial Reconnaissance Gatling Gun Railway Canned food Paper Money Naval Mines and Torpedoes Submarines Trench Warfare

Typical Civil War Soldiers Confederate Union

Famous leader from the North Became the Commanding General of the United States Army from 1864 to 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Elected the 18th President Graduated West Point in 1843 Spent much of the Civil War in the Western Campaign Aggressor/victor in the Battle of Shiloh and Vicksburg U.S. Grant gen. U.S.A

Sherman, a Northern Leader Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, after capturing Atlanta in 1864, led his “March to the Sea”

Brady, Mathew B., ca. 1823-1896,photographer General Robert E. Lee Graduated top in his class from West Point and served on its faculty Spent 32 years in the U.S. Army Asked by Lincoln to serve as Commander of the Union Army Declined this offer when his home State of VA seceded Became senior military advisor to President Davis of the CSA Later became the commander of the Confederate eastern army or “The Army of Northern Virginia” Loved by his troops and considered one of the best military minds of his time Surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865

Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson Graduated from West Point in 1846, and served in the U.S. Army Corp commander of the Army of Northern Virginia Gifted and brilliant military mind, became part of the faculty of VA Military Institute Shot at the Battle of Chancellorsville and died eight days later of pneumonia

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

Major Battles 1st Manassas/ 1st Bull Run: thinking an invasion of Richmond would bring a quick end to the war, the Union marches into VA July 21, 1861 Jackson received his famous nickname “Stonewall” from this battle because he stood his ground like a stone wall http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/firstmanassas/first-manassas-maps/bull-run-animated-map/

Battle of Antietam Creek/Sharpsburg, MD One of few battles on Union soil Bloodiest single day of fighting in all of US history Three phases of fighting: corn field, sunken road and Antietam Creek bridge McClellan fails to destroy Lee's army Tactically inconclusive but Lincoln sees it as a positive event because Lee retreats back to VA so he issues his Emancipation Proclamation https://youtu.be/_7Z9ifGUayA

Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862 This document ultimately discouraged the British and French governments from helping the Confederacy Lincoln uses his power as “Commander-in-Chief” to free the slaves in the Confederate States; he issued the executive order that the slaves of any state that did not return to the Union would be free Slavery, not preserving the Union, is now a primary reason for fighting the war

Gettysburg Second battle on Union soil Battle lasted three days, July 1-3, 1863 During the first day of fighting the Confederates were very successful, on the second the Union held their ground and on the third “Pickett’s Charge” was repulsed leaving Lee no other option but to retreat back to Virginia Major turning point in the war due to heavy casualties, the Confederacy never regained enough replacements while the Union had many more men to draft

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863 http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg/maps/gettysburg-animated-map/?referrer=http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/fort-sumter/fort-sumter-maps/animated-map/

Gettysburg Casualties http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg/maps/gettysburg-animated-map/

Chickamauga, GA September 19–20, 1863 One of the most significant Union defeats Gen. Braxton Bragg should have followed the Union retreat to Chattanooga http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/chickamauga/chickamauga-maps/chickamauga-animated-map/ Federal camp by the Tennessee River,

Kennesaw Mt. and the Atlanta Campaign Battle of Kennesaw Mt. was the last Confederate victory before Atlanta falls fought on June 27, 1864 Johnston blocked Sherman’s path to Atlanta with fortifications on Kennesaw Mt. The Union army eventually went around the Mt. and headed toward Atlanta, an important railroad and supply center for the Confederacy September 2,1864, Atlanta falls to Union forces and this politically helps Lincoln get re-elected http://www.historyanimated.com/AtlantaAnimation.html

Sherman’s March to the Sea After Sherman captured Atlanta he sent his troops through GA to Savannah, Nov.-Dec. 1864 He operated without supply lines and took what he needed along the way, resulting in complete destruction of industry, infrastructure and civilian property (Total War)

Sherman’s March through Georgia` to the Sea, 1864

Andersonville, A Prisoner of War Camp Andersonville was a Confederate POW camp that was overcrowded with too many prisoners and extremely undersupplied which caused many to die. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCdCcC1x3nA

Andersonville, A Prisoner of War Camp Andersonville was a Confederate POW camp that was overcrowded with too many prisoners and extremely undersupplied which caused many to die. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCdCcC1x3nA

Civil War Deaths in Comparison to Other Wars Civil War in 4 Minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JN1VX_g8JZM