The 2nd New Deal and its Effects Unit 5, Section 13 The 2nd New Deal and its Effects

2nd Hundred Days By 1935, economy is improving, but not rapidly enough Unemployment remains high FDR wins re- election in 1936 – begins 2nd New Deal

New Government Programs WPA – Works Progress Administration; public works programs – largest New Deal agency Social Security Act – Provided pensions / aid for elderly, unemployed, families with children 1

New Government Programs NYA – National Youth Administration – created to provide education for young people REA – Rural Electrification Administration

Labor Relations FDR sought to defend workers unions Wagner Act – aka, (National Labor Relations Act)- protects rights of workers to join unions and use collective bargaining Growth of AFL, CIO under Roosevelt

New Deal and Women Eleanor Roosevelt is important figure in program First woman in cabinet, Francis Perkins, as Sec. of Labor Working women resented by unemployed men Lower wages; glass ceiling Mothers struggle to hold families together

New Deal and African Americans African Americans, often poorest segment of population, hit hard by Depression Mary McLeod Bethune’s “Black Cabinet” advises FDR Symbolic stance by 1st Lady in support of Marian Anderson’s concert in D.C. FDR fails to support Civil Rights – needs Southern support Regardless, move of Blacks to Democratic Party

Cultural Impact of New Deal Art: WPA artists “decorate America,” capture rural scenes Grant Wood’s “American Gothic” Music: Woody Guthrie’s folk music-clip Writing: Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath

WPA Mural in Belmont’s City Hall portrays a scene from the American Revolution. 2

Entertainment People seek ways to escape troubles… Movies like Gone with the Wind, Snow White, The Wizard of Oz Radio is widespread and hugely popular Board games like Monopoly

The End of the New Deal 1937, FDR scales back New Deal programs…unemployment increases By 1939, programs effectively ended. Events in Europe begin to take precedence Legacy of New Deal is mixed – some see it as success, others as a failure. World War 2 ultimately rights economy Expanded government role in economy, social programs that remain today

From http://www.socialsecurity.procon.org From http://www.flickr.com/photos/auvet/42812 49099/in/set- 72057594051909129/lightbox/ From http://monopoly.cdbpdx.com