Things to Know for English II Fall Final Exam 2012

Metaphor A form of figurative language used to make writing vivid & to make a comparison Usually provides the reader an image Ex. A mountain of books Ex. A flood of email

Simile A form of figurative language used to make writing vivid & to make a comparison Uses like, as, or than Ex. At 4:10 students scatter like ants from campus

Setting Know how setting can affect the story Setting isn’t just a physical description it can be a time period or a description of the social or political environment

Context Clues Know how to use context clues to figure out the meaning of words you don’t know

Conflict Man vs. man Man vs. nature Man vs. society Man vs. self- internal conflict Man vs. technology or supernatural elements

Irony Expresses the opposite of the literal meaning. A contrast between what is and what ought to be. Used for mockery or jest. A contrast between the purpose of an action and its result.

Other Elements to Know Use your textbook/dictionary to look up: Sarcasm Tone Controlling Idea –thesis-main idea

Imagery Think of your 5 senses!

Archetypes These are on my website!

Tone

Types of Evidence The goal of an persuasive essay is to persuade readers by providing evidence to justify reasons supporting your thesis/ position. To strongly support each reason, writers should use different types of evidence containing specific, verifiable details. Here are five common examples of evidence:   An anecdote relates a brief story; it explains what happened, who was involved, and where and when it happened. Sample reason: Students commuting to Texas A&M International University should carpool because it makes driving to and from the university safer. Anecdotal Evidence: Joe, Carla, Anna, and I live in Zapata. We attend TAMIU and carpool to school three days a week. During the hour-long drive, we discuss our coursework, complain about our jobs, and share opinions on movies we’ve seen. Our chat sessions help pass the time and keep Joe from falling asleep behind the wheel, especially on the long, dark drive back to Zapata. Empirical Evidence support a reason by using evidence--facts, numbers, history--to support your argument. Sample reason: Students should carpool to campus because it saves money. Statistical Evidence: Last semester I spent approximately $22.50 on gasoline each week. Since I’ve started carpooling to class this semester, I spend 40% less on gasoline, a savings of $9.00 per week and $135 per semester. An authority or expert is a person or an organization with credentials, such as educational degrees, publication credits, work experience, professional presentations, etc., that demonstrate his or her expertise on the topic discussed. Sample reason: Carpooling reduces the risk of traffic accidents. Authoritative Evidence: According to Officer Jose Montoya, an eighteen-year police veteran, carpooling reduces the number of cars on the road, which means less traffic congestion and, therefore, fewer accidents.

Finally You should know how to tell the difference between types of evidence: statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes, logical, facts. BE ABLE TO USE A DICTIONARY/THESAURUS **Know how to read through all definitions of a word and pick the right one for the text you’re reading***