Limits to Cell Size How do organisms get “bigger”? Answer this in your own words

Cell Growth Limitations Information crisis: too many demands placed on DNA Traffic problems: volume grows too fast relative to surface area; material exchange is insufficient

Chromosomes In eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged into multiple chromosomes. DNA double helix duplicated chromosome coils sister chromatids centromere nucleosome supercoils histone proteins

Cell Division Produces two daughter cells What must happen before cell division? Cell must replicate DNA before cell division.

Asexual Reproduction A single parent produces genetically identical offspring. New individuals form from the separation of cells.

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle The cell cycle is when a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two new daughter cells. There are 3 parts to the cell cycle. 1. Interphase 2. Mitosis 3. Cytokinesis

The Cell Cycle Eukaryotic cells have a more complex cell cycle than prokaryotic cells.

Cancer and the Cell Cycle Cancer is a disease of the cell cycle. Some of the body’s cells divide uncontrollably and tumors may result. Liver Cancer

Cancer and DNA mutations What occurs to make a gene mutation? An error in DNA replication causing a mutation! DNA mutations disrupt the cell cycle. Mutations may be caused by: 1. Radiation 2. Smoking 3. Pollutants 4. Chemicals 5. Viruses