Class Mammalia, Order Sirenia

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Presentation transcript:

Class Mammalia, Order Sirenia Florida Manatee - Trichechus manatus latirostris

Bottom resting Feeding Swimming Courtship A B C Hartman, 1979

Manatees Strategies to stay on bottom at low cost Dense and heavy bones Dense skin Large lungs Ballast

Maneuverability Pectoral flippers or tailfluke Contractions of hemidiaphragms Position in water column Pitch and roll

Compartmentalization Need to be distinct muscular units Separated by connective tissue elements With separate sources of innervation Termed “neuromuscular compartments”

Manatee hemidiaphragms are compartmentalized. Hypothesis Manatee hemidiaphragms are compartmentalized.

Rommel and Reynolds, 2000

Rommel and Reynolds, 2000

Methods Gross anatomical studies

Manatee diaphragm Rommel and Reynolds, 2000

Connective tissue elements VC Bundles Phrenic nerve

Connective tissue elements VC Bundle

Connective tissue elements VC Bundles X X X

Intrinsic Tongue Muscles Multi-directional fibers Intrinsic Tongue Muscles Manatee Diaphragm M. Newson, 1996

Branches of phrenic nerve Innervation patterns Phrenic nerve VC bundle Branches of phrenic nerve

Conclusions VC bundles separate diaphragm into 1.0 cm-wide blocks Muscle fibers insert into VC bundles Branches of phrenic nerve innervate groups of blocks Compartments may be composed of groups of blocks

D. Perrine, 2001

CARIBBEAN

Class Mammalia, Order Sirenia Caribbean (Antillean) manatee - Trichechus manatus manatus

Class Mammalia, Order Cetartiodactyla, Class Mammalia, Order Cetartiodactyla, Suborder Odontoceti – toothed whales Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

By www. iucnredlist. org, CC BY-SA 3. 0, https://commons. wikimedia

Adults 6.6 to 13.1 feet 330 to 1,430 lbs. Males > Females By Kurzon, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2133983

Class Mammalia, Order Cetartiodactyla, Class Mammalia, Order Cetartiodactyla, Suborder Mysticeti – baleen whales Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)