Part IV: Neuroscience

51. Which part of the neuron serves as the protective coating? Axon Dendrite Synapse Myelin sheath Cell body

51. Which part of the neuron serves as the protective coating? Axon Dendrite Synapse Myelin sheath – A fatty material that wraps around and insulates the axon Cell body

52. Another name for the cell body of the neuron is: Dendrite Myelin Soma Axon Synaptic vesicle

52. Another name for the cell body of the neuron is: Dendrite Myelin Soma – a relatively large structure that maintains the entire neuron, body in Greek Axon Synaptic vesicle

Action potential Ion potential Resting state Synaptic state 53. The process by which a tiny electrical current is generated when the positive sodium ions rush inside the axon, causing the inside of the axon to reverse its charge, is called: Action potential Ion potential Resting state Synaptic state Negative potential

Action potential – if stimulus is large enough to excite the neuron 53. The process by which a tiny electrical current is generated when the positive sodium ions rush inside the axon, causing the inside of the axon to reverse its charge, is called: Action potential – if stimulus is large enough to excite the neuron Ion potential Resting state Synaptic state Negative potential

54. If Mia stepped on a nail, which of the following would be the correct order of communication for her to feel the pain: Stimulus-electrical impulse-neurotransmitter-receptor site Electrical impulse-stimulus-receptor site-neurotransmitter Receptor site-neurotransmitter-electrical impulse-stimulus Electrical impulse-receptor site-stimulus-neurotransmitter Stimulus-electrical impulse-receptor site-neurotransmitter

54. If Mia stepped on a nail, which of the following would be the correct order of communication for her to feel the pain: Stimulus-electrical impulse-neurotransmitter-receptor site – you seem to feel the pain immediately, neurons sends signals at speeds as high as 200 miles per hour Electrical impulse-stimulus-receptor site-neurotransmitter Receptor site-neurotransmitter-electrical impulse-stimulus Electrical impulse-receptor site-stimulus-neurotransmitter Stimulus-electrical impulse-receptor site-neurotransmitter

55. What is the job of the sodium pump? It separates positive ions and places them all inside the axon. It is responsible for keeping the axon charged by returning and keeping sodium ions outside the axon membrane. It generates an electrical current when the positive ions rush into the axon. It generates an electrical current when the negative ions rush into the axon. It is a neutral impulse that transfer negative ions into the neuron.

55. What is the job of the sodium pump? It separates positive ions and places them all inside the axon. It is responsible for keeping the axon charged by returning and keeping sodium ions outside the axon membrane. – the sodium pump is a transport process that picks up any sodium ions that enter the axon’s chemical gates and returns them back outside It generates an electrical current when the positive ions rush into the axon. It generates an electrical current when the negative ions rush into the axon. It is a neutral impulse that transfer negative ions into the neuron.

Nerve impulse Synapse Resting state All-or-none law Sodium pump 56. If an action potential starts at the beginning of an axon, the action potential will continue at the same speed to the very end of the axon. This concept is known as: Nerve impulse Synapse Resting state All-or-none law Sodium pump

Nerve impulse Synapse Resting state 56. If an action potential starts at the beginning of an axon, the action potential will continue at the same speed to the very end of the axon. This concept is known as: Nerve impulse Synapse Resting state All-or-none law – the principle that the action potential does not vary in strength, it either fires or it does not fire at all Sodium pump

57. Which of the following functions best explains the role of the sympathetic nervous system? Preparing the body for a traumatic event Returning the body to equilibrium Preparing the body for “fight or flight” Maintaining the body’s vital functions Maintaining homeostasis

57. Which of the following functions best explains the role of the sympathetic nervous system? Preparing the body for a traumatic event Returning the body to equilibrium Preparing the body for “fight or flight” – threatening or challenging physical or psychological stimuli triggers the sympathetic nervous system Maintaining the body’s vital functions Maintaining homeostasis

58. Which of the following neurotransmitters most closely resembles the affects alcohol has on the nervous system? Anandamide GABA Dopamine Acetylcholine Serotonin

58. Which of the following neurotransmitters most closely resembles the affects alcohol has on the nervous system? Anandamide GABA – alcohol affects the nervous system by blocking neural receptors and stimulating others, alcohol molecules so closely resemble GABA that it will open GABA receptors involved with thinking, motor skills, and judgment Dopamine Acetylcholine Serotonin

59. What is one major difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? The sympathetic increases physiological arousal, while the parasympathetic returns the body to a calmer and relaxed state. The sympathetic is a subdivision of the somatic nervous system, while the parasympathetic is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic plays a role in traumatic events, while the parasympathetic only plays a role in digestion. The parasympathetic is used more often than the sympathetic. The sympathetic plays a role in sexual behavior, while the parasympathetic does not.

59. What is one major difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? The sympathetic increases physiological arousal, while the parasympathetic returns the body to a calmer and relaxed state. – both are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic prepares the body for action while the parasympathetic returns the body to a relaxed state The sympathetic is a subdivision of the somatic nervous system, while the parasympathetic is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic plays a role in traumatic events, while the parasympathetic only plays a role in digestion. The parasympathetic is used more often than the sympathetic. The sympathetic plays a role in sexual behavior, while the parasympathetic does not.

60. Neurons that carry information away from the spinal cord to produce responses in various muscles or organs throughout the body are called: Afferent neurons Interneurons Neurotransmitters Sensor neurons Efferent neurons

60. Neurons that carry information away from the spinal cord to produce responses in various muscles or organs throughout the body are called: Afferent neurons Interneurons Neurotransmitters Sensor neurons Efferent neurons – carry information away from the spinal cord to produce responses, interneurons carry information within the central nervous system