Dirk Rabe, Gunther Wilke

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Presentation transcript:

Dirk Rabe, Gunther Wilke > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 Parametric Design Studies of the Helicopter Rotor Noise using Variable-Fidelity Methods Dirk Rabe, Gunther Wilke DLR Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology May 17th, 2018 74th AHS Phoenix, Arizona

Content Motivation Methodology > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 Content Motivation Methodology Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades Results of the Parametric Design Study Conclusion and Outlook

Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 Motivation Methodology Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades Results of the Parametric Design Study Conclusion and Outlook

1. Motivation ERATO blade design > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 1. Motivation ERATO blade design Multidisciplinary development of rotor blades takes time ERATO (DLR/ONERA) design process – 8 years ERATO  Blue Edge® – 17 years  25 years of design and development for quiet rotor blade Development tools range from BET+wake models to higher order CFD Goal: Find fast and accurate methods for aeroacoustic design studies Descent flight and BVI Source: www.Airbushelicopters.asia H160 with Blue Edge® blade

Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 Motivation Methodology Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades Results of the Parametric Study Conclusion and Outlook

2. Methodology Comprehensive Code HOST Flow/Vortex solution > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 2. Methodology Comprehensive Code HOST Flow/Vortex solution HOST, UPM, FLOWer FW-H-Aeroacoustic Code APSIM Sound Pressure Propagation Fluid-Structural-Numerical process chain

2. Methodology BET + wake models: airfoil tables prescribed/free wake > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 2. Methodology BET + wake models: airfoil tables prescribed/free wake Panel method: incompressible (correction factor) inviscid CFD: higher order schemes 40 Mio. grid cells HOST P.WAKE F.WAKE Radial 39 Chord 1 Azimuth [°] 2 UPM Oneshot UPM Coupled UPM 17 49 2 FLOWer4 Euler RANS 80 144 0.1

2. Methodology BET + wake models: airfoil tables prescribed/free wake > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 2. Methodology BET + wake models: airfoil tables prescribed/free wake Panel method: incompressible (correction factor) inviscid CFD: higher order schemes 40 Mio. grid cells HOST P.WAKE Radial 39 Chord 1 Azimuth [°] 2 UPM Coupled UPM 17 49 2 FLOWer4 RANS 80 144 0.1

Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 Motivation Methodology Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades Results of the Parametric Design Study Conclusion and Outlook

3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades HARTII NB [-] 4 R [m/ft] 2.0/6.56 Mtip [-] 0.638 μ [-] 0.150 Ct/σ [-] 0.594 7AD 4 2.1/6.89 0.660 0.154 0.533 ERATO 4 2.1/6.89 0.616 0.165 0.631 Wind tunnel tested rotor blades Different blade tip shapes by aeroacoustic means Investigation of 6° descent flight My – advance ratio Wind tunnel blade: HARTII 7AD ERATO

3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades – HARTII > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades – HARTII Experiment P.WAKE Coupled UPM RANS Assessment: fair(o) good(+) good(+) HARTII – noise carpets – 8–40 BPF – SPL [dB]

3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades – 7AD > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades – 7AD Experiment P.WAKE Coupled UPM RANS Assessment: bad(-) good(+) fair(o) 7AD – noise carpets – 8–40 BPF – SPL [dB]

3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades – ERATO > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades – ERATO Experiment P.WAKE Coupled UPM RANS Assessment: fair(o) good(+) fair(o) ERATO – noise carpets – 8–40 BPF – SPL [dB]

3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades – Review > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 3. Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades – Review Methods HARTII 7AD ERATO P.WAKE o - F.WAKE Oneshot UPM ++ + Coupled UPM Euler RANS Assessment of noise carpets Average simulation resources [cpuh]

Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 Motivation Methodology Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades Results of the Parametric Design Study Conclusion and Outlook

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Baseline > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Baseline 7AD baseline: ERATO flight state lower Mtip  2 dB noise reduction Use of validated methods: P.WAKE Coupled UPM Investigated parameters: an/dihedral twist Rotor blade definition of the 7AD baseline

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Anhedral > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Anhedral Samples Best sample P.WAKE Coupled UPM

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Anhedral – P.WAKE > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Anhedral – P.WAKE Baseline Best Design Difference P.WAKE – anhedral – noise carpets – 8–40 BPF – SPL [dB]

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Anhedral – Coupled UPM > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Anhedral – Coupled UPM Baseline Best Design Difference Coupled UPM – anhedral – noise carpets – 8–40 BPF – SPL [dB]

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Anhedral – Coupled UPM > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Anhedral – Coupled UPM Coupled UPM – anhedral – comparison of vortex fields

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Twist > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Twist P.WAKE Coupled UPM Twist distribution Samples Best sample

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Twist – P.WAKE > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Twist – P.WAKE Baseline Best Design Difference P.WAKE – twist – noise carpets – 8–40 BPF – SPL [dB]

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Twist – Coupled UPM > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Twist – Coupled UPM Baseline Best Design Difference Coupled UPM – twist – noise carpets – 8–40 BPF – SPL [dB]

4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Review of noise reduction > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 4. Results of the Parametric Design Study – Review of noise reduction An/Dihedral Twist P.WAKE (max. SPL / largest reduction) -1 / -10 -3 / -3 Coupled UPM (max. SPL / largest reduction) -6 / -7 -1 / -7

Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 Motivation Methodology Comparison of Various Methods for selected Rotor Blades Results of the Parametric Design Study Conclusion and Outlook

5. Conclusion and Outlook > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 5. Conclusion and Outlook Conclusion: Investigation of wind tunnel tested rotor blades: best results were found using free-wake coupled panel method CFD results roughly 4 dB under estimated for all test cases, higher grid resolution necessary Performed parametric design study with anhdral and twist: design trends of wake model and panel method align, prediction discrepancies exist dihedral showed most promising results Outlook:  double check parametric design study results with CFD optimization study, combination of design parameters multi-objective investigation (aerodynamics + aeroacoustics)

Thank you for your attention. Are there any questions? > AHS74 > Dirk Rabe • Parametric Design Studies of Helicopter Rotor Noise > 17.5.2018 Thank you for your attention. Are there any questions?