Transition elements Introduction

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Advertisements

d-BLOCK ELEMENTS No. of lectures – 12 Term - 1
Complex Ions.
COLOR OF THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS
4th period d-block elements 4th Period. d-block elements  center block of periodic table transition elements d-sub level partially filled in one or more.
The d- Block Elements By : A P Singh.
1 Regulations for American Pupils and Middle School Students Always refer to a teacher by title and last name Get to class on time Raise your hand when.
Title: Lesson 6 Complex Ions Learning Objectives: Explain and use the terms ligand/complex/complex ion and ligand substitutions. Describe the formation.
Title: Lesson 5 First Row d-Block
Transition Metals Occupy the d-block of periodic table Have d-electrons in valence shell Some characteristics of Transition Metals and their compounds.
Lecture 17. The d-Block Elements. General properties
Transition Metals. d-Block Elements Between groups 2 and 3 in the periodic table are found the d-block elements. You may recall that in d-block elements,
PART 4: d-block elements (first row) adapted from Mrs. D. Dogancay.
INTRODUCTION OF D-BLOCK ELEMENTS. Why are they called d-block elements? Their last electron enters the d-orbital.
Paper – 2 Unit – 1 d-BLOCK ELEMENTS No. of lectures – 12 Term - 1 1www.smitaasthana.com.
Chemistry.
PERIODICITY (TOPICS 3 AND 13) IB Chemistry HL2. Review: Periodic table, Physical and Chemical Properties of elements (Topic 3) Describe the arrangement.
Topic 13 Periodicity HL.
Q5 from 5.3 Identify all the species in the table which could convert I–aq) into I2(aq) but which could not convert Br–(aq) into Br2(l).
Lecture 17. The d-Block Elements. General properties
Chemistry Chapter 8 Notes 3. Review Compounds Can all be represented by chemical formulas Are connected by chemical bonds Ionic Metallic Covalent Compounds.
Modified from: Larry Scheffler Lincoln High School IB Chemistry
Chapter 21 Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry.
The names transition metals and inner transition metals are often used to refer to the elements of d-and f-blocks respectively. Zn, Cd and Hg are usually.
TOPIC 13 THE PERIODIC TABLE –THE TRANSITION METALS
Video Tutorial on Properties of Transition Metals, Complex ions and splitting of d orbitals for colour formation . Prepared by Lawrence Kok
Trends in atomic size (radius) Definition of atomic radius: Covalent radius:  The covalent bond length in H 2 molecule is the distance between the two.
PART 4: d-block elements (first row) adapted from Mrs. D. Dogancay.
Inorganic Chemistry (2)
4.1 Ionic Bonding & Structure
Transition Metals.
TOPIC 13 THE PERIODIC TABLE- THE TRANSITION METALS 13.2 COLOURED COMPLEXES.
Chapter 15: Transition Metals 15.1 General Properties of Transition Metals 15.2 Complex Formation and the Shape of Complex Ions 15.3 Coloured Ions 15.4.
Topic 13 - Periodicity. Ionic properties High melting and boiling point Conduct electricity in molten and aqueous states Crystalline solids Soluble.
OCR: Energetics, Equilibrium and Elements. Physical Properties  A transition metal is a d block element that has a partially filled d-subshell of electrons.
Acid Base Character of period 3
Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry. Dr.Monther F.Salem.
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
13/11/
Chemistry of Coordination Compounds
The d Block Element
1.2 Ions Year 9 Science 2012.
Transition elements Titanium and Vanadium
Transition elements Introduction
First-row d-block elements
Chapter 2 part 1: Basic Chemistry
HL periodicity.
TRANSITION ELEMENTS.
AH Chemistry – Unit 1 Transition Metals.
Metallic, Ionic and Network Solids
Introduction to Bonding
PART 4: d-block elements (first row)
Chapter 3 Notes: First-row d-block Elements
Metal-Ligand bonding in transition metal complexes
The Physical and Chemical properties of the
Metallic, Ionic and Network Solids
Copper Iron Silver Chromium Gold Titanium Platinum Zinc Nickel.
The Transition Metals.
Definitions Pure Substance Mixture
Ar 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 Energy 4p 3d 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s
The d block: The d block consists of three horizontal series in periods 4, 5 & 6 10 elements in each series Chemistry is “different” from other elements.
Unit C3-Structure and bonding
Groups of Elements.
Invisible Ink 2[Co(H2O)6]Cl2(s) Co[CoCl4](s) + 12 H2O
Chemicals of the Natural Environment.
Zinc and Scandium are not transition elements!
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
Mr.Halavath Ramesh 16-MCH-001 Dept. of Chemistry Loyola College University of Madras-Chennai.
Presentation transcript:

Transition elements Introduction Definition Transition elements are elements with partially filled d-orbital Members Elements Atomic number Electronic configuration Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 [Ar] 3d1 4s2 [Ar] 3d2 4s2 [Ar] 3d3 4s2 [Ar] 3d5 4s1 [Ar] 3d5 4s2 [Ar] 3d6 4s2 [Ar] 3d74s2 [Ar] 3d8 4s2 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements Introduction Properties of transition metals (a) Physical properties They are hard metals, with high melting and boiling points due to strong interatomic bonding that involves the participation of both the 4s- and 3d- electrons. They are good conductors of heat and electricity due a big number of delocalized electrons in s- and d- orbitals. They have high densities are due to small atomic radii and high atomic masses. (b) Paramagnetism Transition metals are weakly attracted by a magnet due to presence of unpaired electrons. Those that are strongly attracted by a magnet are said to be ferromagnetic, e.g., iron, cobalt and nickel.   . For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements Reason for formation of colored ions (c) Formation of colored ions Most compounds and complexes of transition metal ions are colored, with the actual color depending on the oxidation states of the central ions. For example Fe2+ is green Fe3+ is brown Reason for formation of colored ions Transition metals form colored ions because electron transitions in their ions or complexes produce or absorb radiations within the visible part of the spectrum. For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements (d) Complex ions formation Transition metals form many complex ions; e.g. [Fe(CN)6]3-. The more you revise the more you are likely to succeed. For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements Factors that facilitates formation of complexes Definition A complex ion is the one that contains a central ion linked to other atoms, ions or molecules called ligands through dative bonds.  A dative bond is a covalent bond in which the shared electron pair is contributed by a single atom. Factors that facilitates formation of complexes The ions of transition elements have a high charge density to attract electrons. The ions of transition elements have vacant d- orbitals that can accommodate electron pairs to form dative bonds For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements Trial 1 A coordination number is number of ligands that form dative bonds with the central ions. For example; [Fe(CN)6]3- has a coordination number 6 Trial 1 Determine the oxidation states and co- ordination numbers of the central metal ions in each of the following complexes. Complex Oxidation state Coordination number Cu(NH3)4(OH)2 [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O [Co(CN)]3- Cr2O72- For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements Trial 2 One of the properties of transition metals is complex ion formation (a)(i) Define the term ‘complex ion’. (2 marks) (ii) Explain why transition metals form complexes (2 marks) (b) Fe(CN)63- and [CuCl4]2- are complexes formed by iron and copper respectively. State; The oxidation states of; Iron Copper The co-ordination numbers of; Copper (2marks) For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements (f) Catalytic activity (e) Variable oxidation states  Most transition metals exhibit variable positive oxidation states. For example iron has Fe2+ and Fe3+. Transition metals form variable oxidation state because they have many electron in outermost shell with almost the same energy (f) Catalytic activity Transition metals have high catalytic activity. The transition metals use their variable oxidation states to provide alternative mechanisms to the reactions that require low activation energies thus speeding up chemical reactions. For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements General properties (f) Catalytic activity  Definition A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without taking part in the reaction. Example: V2O5, in Contact process General properties (g) The formation of interstitial compounds The sizes of transition metal atoms and their crystal structures are such that small atoms like hydrogen, boron, carbon and nitrogen can occupy the spaces within the crystal and form interstitial compounds. No definite chemical formula can be attached to these substances since they are non stoichiometric. For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College

Transition elements 1. Scandium General properties Trial 3 With reference to transition metals, explain what is meant by the following: Complex-ion, (5 marks) Catalytic activity, (3 marks) Colored ion formation. (5 marks) 1. Scandium It is the first element in the first transition series. Apart from having partially filled d-orbital; it show no other property of transition elements. It has a fixed oxidation state of +3.  For more exams browse: digitalteacthers.co.ug, E-mail: info@digitalteachers.co.ug The best secondary school that teaches sciences best is The Science Foundation College