TRAX Monitoring of Air Quality in the Salt Lake Valley Erik Crosman Logan Mitchell Alexander Jacques John Horel John Lin Daniel Mendoza Project contacts: Erik Crosman: Erik.Crosman@utah.edu Daniel Mendoza:  Daniel.Mendoza@utah.edu Logan Mitchell: Logan.Mitchell@utah.edu

Previous Funding for TRAX Air Quality The University of Utah received funding for the Summer Ozone Study in 2015, but no State of Utah funds have been allocated to the TRAX effort thus far. TRAX data collection for pilot project over the last 3 years has been funded internally and through in-kind contributions. These funding sources are no longer available and continued funding is needed to support: Sustained air quality monitoring (sensors need replacement or repair/maintenance) Enhanced calibration, validation, quality control, and user support Connecting the air quality information to enhance public health initiatives (e.g., school recess guidelines)

Why Should TRAX be Funded? First and only mobile train platform measuring both air quality and greenhouse gases in the world. Provide ongoing research-grade air quality instrumentation across the Salt Lake Valley. Synergistically work with DAQ to provide spatially resolved data for health studies (e.g., school recess, vulnerable populations). Previous TRAX research was focused on meteorology and air quality, not health applications using the spatial data. Need support for validation, calibration, user support for ongoing 3-year data archive.

Monitoring Air Quality on UTA TRAX TRAX lines are ideally situated to monitor air quality: Red Line: diagonal transect across valley Green Line: “C” shape transect through urban corridor Blue Line: north-south transect along valley floor Regular transects allow monitoring air quality throughout the day No direct pollutants emitted by the trains to contaminate measurements No operator costs 4

3-Year TRAX Pilot Project 2014-2017 Focused on understanding how pollutant episodes in the Salt Lake Valley develop & evolve Two sets of pollution monitors installed on TRAX Car 1136  December 2, 2014 Car 1104  February 2, 2016 Requires monthly maintenance & inspection visits Outcomes: Air quality information available via the internet to the public, educators, and researchers Several dozen TV & radio news stories, blogs & press releases Two published scientific papers, several in preparation Over 12 presentations in United States air quality conferences Many presentations involving educators and K-12 students 5

Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Sensors Data are publicly available via the web link: http://utahaq.chpc.utah.edu/aqmobile 6

Real-Time Monitoring and Historical Data Access 1) Pollutants PM2.5 and Ozone: http://utahaq.chpc.utah.edu/aqmobile 2) Carbon Dioxide and Methane: https://air.utah.edu Data collected from TRAX displayed with other stationary and mobile resources from state agency (Utah Division of Air Quality), research (UofU), commercial, and citizen science (PurpleAir) initiatives 7

6 July 2017 Ozone

Average Summer Ozone along the Red and Green lines May 2015 – Sept 2015 Hours: 0400-2400 Higher O3 on urban periphery Lower O3 in urban corridor 9

50 “Effective” Stationary Observation Locations Along TRAX June Ozone Example at Fairpark and UofU South Campus (< 6 mi. apart) Data collected by TRAX can be used to complement UDAQ’s three air quality sites in Salt Lake Valley

Spatial PM2.5 Concentrations -- Inversion Episode from TRAX

Research-grade Instrumentation Initial Validation Evaluated the TRAX observations against the Utah Division of Air Quality (DAQ) Hawthorne site maintained by the state of Utah for US EPA regulatory purposes February 2016 PM2.5 (correlation coefficients ~0.87-0.92) Summer 2016 – Summer 2017 O3 (correlation coefficients 0.80-0.86) PM2.5 validation O3 validation NO2 validation

Sustained Air Quality Monitoring on TRAX Technicians to maintain instrument and communications equipment, replace aging sensors, calibrate and provide user support Monthly inspections Calibration, repairs Additional validation Public access to data – website maintenance and support Data user support 13

Connecting Air Quality TRAX Data to Public Health To improve understanding of air quality along Wasatch Front: Funding for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers to generate data repository Connect TRAX air quality data to public health Better access to TRAX data for health outcome studies Example: School recess guidelines 14

Thank You! http://utahaq.chpc.utah.edu/aqmobile

Air Quality monitoring along the Wasatch Front Utah Division of Air Quality (DAQ) expanding its monitoring capabilities University of Utah researchers have: added air monitoring sensors in the Salt Lake Valley including on TRAX cars collaborated with Utah DAQ and other university and federal researchers on air quality campaigns collaborated with citizen science initiatives to enhance local air quality information Lin et al. Submitted to the Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Monitoring air quality in the Salt Lake Valley is quite advanced compared to other metropolitan basins We have learned a lot but more is needed for informing public health outcomes 16