NORMAL MOTOR DEVELOPMENT ISTANBUL GELISIM UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION ÖĞR. GÖR. TUĞÇE YILMAZ

BASIC SUBJECTS Psychomotor Development Basic Concepts of Development Principles of Development Dimensions of Development Factors Affecting Development Development Investigating Methods

Psychomotor Development Examines the changes that occur in the behavioral behaviors of the individual starting from the prenatal period to life-long behavior. Psychomotor development is the process of change in physical structure and nerve muscle functions. Psychomotor development, physical growth and development of the central nervous system in parallel with the request of the organism, is defined as gaining mobility.

Basic Concepts of Development Growth Learning Development Maturation Readiness

Growth: The increase in size and weight of the body includes changes in the shape, volume and weight of the organs until they reach a certain level. Learning: Permanent changes in the person through interaction with the environment Development: The organism is constantly changing and progressing through the interaction of growth, maturation and learning. Some children develop faster than others. This advantage is usually permanent. They are usually superior in all aspects of development.

Maturation: As a result of the passage of a period, the individual or an organ, physical power and force maintenance, to adapt to a certain level of life is to reach a level. Readiness: It is a more comprehensive concept than maturing and it is the result of maturation and learning.

DEVELOPMENT STAGES Development is from head to toe, from inside to outside. The growth rate is not the same at all ages. Development is the product of heredity and the environment. The dimensions of development cannot be isolated. Development follows a specific path. There are individual differences in development. Development is from simple-primitive to difficult-complex. Development is a process that can vary in speed but with continuity.

Development is from head to toe, from inside to outside: Before learning to sit, babies begin to hold their heads up, sit before crawling, and crawl before walking. This form of development is the same for all babies, and every baby spends these stages of physical development at almost the same age. The newborn baby primarily uses the head, neck and upper extremity muscles. When the baby is born, it shows the first reflex movements by turning the head from left to right. Then, reaching, touching, holding, sitting, standing, makes walking movements. In this order, the child conducts movements in motor development and follows a path from top to bottom, from inside to outside.

Growth Rate is not the same at all ages: Development is continuous, this is not the same speed in each period of continuity. The fastest development period is the period that the child spends before birth. In order to gain 45-50 cm height before birth, the average should grow at least 5 cm per month. If growth continued at the same rate, the child should have been at 3 meters when they started kindergarten. This shows how fast the prenatal development is. The child is in a very rapid development in the first years after birth. The second period of rapid growth, we can say the period of adolescence. Cognıtıve development is also very fast in the first five years.

Development is the product of heredity and the environment: The development of the child is formed by the contribution of two important factors. These are inheritance and environmental conditions. Heredity; It is the characteristics that a person receives from their parents through genes. Environment; They are all external stimuli that affect the human starting from fertilization. People differ in their development because of their inheritance and environmental conditions. Every person has his own way of developing. Individual separations in education should not be forgotten.

The dimensions of development cannot be isolated: Child interacts with the outside environment from the moment he was born. Development proceeds as a whole in physical, mental, emotional and social fields. The child's physical development is closely related to his movement development. Normal growth of muscles provides the basis for movement development. A child whose movement development is good can play with his other friends, which has an impact on his social development. The child's language development greatly affects his or her mental development.

Development follows a specific path: The baby's movements were initially complete and non- differentiated. Initially, the baby trying to catch the object in front using the whole palm of the hand begins to use it to catch his fingers and thumb as his age progresses. The role of the nervous system, especially the development and maturation of the brain is great.

There are individual differences in development: It is caused by the effects of development, heredity and environmental factors. Each individual is born with the presence of a gene. Then the child develops within the framework of the opportunities provided to the child. Child in the level of love, nutrition, care, interest, education; develops in a healthy, balanced and positive manner.

Development is from simple-primitive to difficult-complex: Development is general before all dimensions and periods are complete, then the details are passed to the special.

Development is a process that can vary in speed but with continuity: Mankind does not show an equal rate of development in every period of his life; For example, if the physical development would continue like before birth, all human beings would be giant.