Discourse and Text Umnia Jamal

The purpose The purpose is to illustrate via the students' own words how language changes when we consider purpose and audience. The four primary aims of discourse are: To persuade To inform To discover for one's own needs To create.

Discourse types Discourse types, also known as rhetorical modes, are types of speaking and writing. There are five main types of discourse: Narrative: involves telling a story (narrating). Descriptive Persuasive Argumentative Expository.

Discourse and Text The difference between text and discourse. discourse 'includes' TEXT , but the two terms are not always easily distinguished, and are often used synonymously. Pragmatics is a broad approach to discourse that deals with the widely vast concepts of meaning, context and communication.

Discourse, text and texture The aim of the DISCOURSE ANALYSIS is to analyze the way texts work across the boundaries of single sentences or utterances to form whole stretches of language (rather than a collection of unrelated sentences). The word TEXT and DISCOURSE mean different things.

The existence of CONNECTIONS between sentences is an essential feature of discourse: a text connections give its texture and distinguish it from a random string of unconnected sentences.  To this texture to be achieved two main concepts are used: Cohesion: the connections which their manifestation in the discourse itself. Coherence: refers to the connections can be made by the listener or the reader on the basis of their knowledge outside the discourse.

Discourse in context may be one or two words: stop  no smoking. It can be hundreds of thousands of words in length: some novels. A typical piece of discourse is somewhere between these two extremes."

Discourse is sometimes used in contrast with ‘text,' where 'text' refers to actual written or spoken data, and 'discourse' refers to the whole act of communication involving production and comprehension, not necessarily entirely verbal The study of discourse, can involve matters like context, background information or knowledge shared between a speaker and hearer.“

Text Analysis: deals with cohesion. Widdowson (1973) Text: A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. Text Analysis: deals with cohesion. Discourse: is the use of such sentences, a discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. - Discourse analysis: investigates coherence. 

References https://www.thoughtco.com/discourse-language-term-1690464 https://www.tesionline.it/appunto/859/1/Discourse%2C-text-and-the-notion-of-texture http://iteslj.org/Lessons/Poppleton-Purpose.html https://www.slideshare.net/KeishaParris/discourse-types

References https://slideplayer.com/slide/4934845/ (Meriel Bloor and Thomas Bloor, The Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis: an Introduction. Routledge, 2013) (Eli Hinkel and Sandra Fotos, New Perspectives on Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002)