Thomas Jefferson Era

Vocabulary Laissez Faire Judicial Review Continental divide Tribute Embargo Secede War Hawk Blockade

Jefferson takes office Who were the 2 presidential candidates who tied in the election of 1800? What was the electoral college vote count? What amendment allowed the VP to be elected separately? What situations caused this amendment? How did Jefferson show the country that all citizens were equal?

Jefferson Takes office During the 1800 presidential election Federalist and Republicans were still going back on forward on issues as Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied with 73 electoral college votes. Six days later the House decided to elect Jefferson and make Burr the VP.

Jefferson takes office After the election of 1800 the government passed the 12th Amendment which finally stated that the Vice President will be elected separate.

Jefferson Takes Office When Jefferson came into office his main objective was to bring the country back together. His idea of doing so was making all citizens feel equal, one way he attempted to show this was Jefferson walking to his inauguration in Washington D.C. instead of riding in a royal carriage.

Jefferson Takes office What was the saying Jefferson used to keep federalist out of the economy? What were the ways cut down and kept many federalist out of the economy? Why did Jefferson keep most federal officeholders?

Jefferson takes office One of Jefferson’s main goals was to limit the involvement of the federal govt. in economic affairs. Jefferson felt that the government should not interfere with the economy (Laissez Faire).

Jefferson takes office To control federalist involvement in the economy Jefferson cut multiple budgets and jobs. He fired tax collectors and got rid of federal taxes with in the country Cut the military from 4000 to 2500 Fired U.S. diplomats Refunded fines and freed people convicted of the Sedition Act

Jefferson takes office Though Jefferson did make a lot of changes, he decided to keep most federal officeholders. Jefferson’s reasoning for keeping those federalist was so they could finish repaying the nation’s debt.

Jefferson takes office What did John Adams do in attempt to keep some power in the hands of the federalist? What is the judicial review? How did it come about?

Jefferson takes office One of the last things done by John Adams was appointing federalist judges such as William Marbury. The is appointment was over turned by Jefferson and James Madison (Sec. of State), as a result Marbury decided to sue Madison.

Jefferson takes office Marbury case was based on the Judiciary Act of 1789 which stated that the Supreme Court could review cases brought against federal officials. Eventually Chief Justice John Marshall found the act unconstitutional stating the Congress cant give powers to Supreme Court only the constitution can. This led to the creation of the Judicial Review which allows the Supreme Court the power to shut down unconstitutional laws

Louisiana purchase Why was moving Americans west so important? What treaty gave Americans the right to send ships up and down the Mississippi River for trade?

Louisiana Purchase By 1800 over 1 million American citizens moved between the Appalachian mountains and Mississippi river. Americans that moved were looking for the best way to expand and also a way to transport good using the Mississippi river.

Louisiana Purchase Upon moving west Americans were not allowed to use the Mississippi river to send supplies as it was owned by the Spanish. Eventually the Americans signed the Pinckney treaty which allowed Americans to use the Mississippi river to send goods to New Orleans.

Louisiana purchase Why did the Americans want to war with the Spanish? What were two of the main reasons the French agreed to the Louisiana Purchase? How was Thomas Jefferson able to by the Louisiana territory?

Louisiana purchase By 1801 the Spanish sold Louisiana territory to France but before the sale Spain still threaten to shut down the ports to American ships. This angered the Americans in the west as they wanted Jefferson to go war with Spain.

Louisiana purchase Jefferson had a better idea of getting control of the Mississippi river and Louisiana, he sent James Monroe and Robert Livingston to France to make a deal with the French to purchase Louisiana. The deal doubled the size of America and it would cost $15 million. (about 4 cent an acre)

Louisiana purchase The French needed the finances after the Hati revolution led by Toussaint L’Ouverture in 1804 and constant conflict going on with the British which was leading to more battles and war.

Louisiana purchase Though the French agreed to sell Louisiana Jefferson had to figure out a way that will allow him to purchase the foreign land because the constitution didn’t grant the President authority to purchase foreign land. Jefferson decided to create a treaty and got it passed by congress to complete the sell.

Louisiana Purchase What was the purpose of sending Lewis and Clark out west? What river did the Lewis and Clark find that flows into the Pacific ocean? Who was the explorer who ventured west after the return of Lewis and Clark?

Louisiana purchase Jefferson and congress planned to explore the west even before the Louisiana purchase as they decided to spent $2500 on a western expedition led by Army officials Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.

Louisiana purchase Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804 was to learn the geography of the west, find a water way that reaches the Pacific, and make contact with natives.

Louisiana purchase By Oct of 1804 Lewis and Clark reached present day North Dakota were they met Sacagawea and the Mandan natives. Sacagawea became the translator for the expedition as the group continued to travel west.

Louisiana purchase Through out 1805 Lewis and Clark continued to travel west as they found mountains such as the Rockies and new lands with resources but they did not find a water way that reach the Pacific ocean (Columbia River) until the end of 1805. The men would return to the U.S. in March 1806 to tell what they explored.

Louisiana purchase In 1806 Zebulon Pike traveled west after learning about Lewis and Clark expedition. Pike reached the Rockies and headed back to U.S. but on his way back he and his man were captured by Spanish because they feared that Pike would tell the government about what they found. Eventually Pike and his men were released and did tell the government about what they found out west.

Time of conflict How did Europe deal with pirates raiding their ships? How did America deal with pirates raiding their ships? What were the name given to those different pirates?

Time of Conflict After the American Rev war the U.S. continued to trade with Europe, both countries in Europe and in the U.S. sent ships across the Mediterranean Sea. These ships from both sides became targets for pirates.

Time of conflict Most of the pirates were from north African countries (Barbary states) such as Morocco, Algiers, and Tripoli. Both Europe and the U.S. dealt with the situation differently. Europe decide to just pay tribute to the pirates.

Time of conflict The U.S. handled the Barbary states situation by attacking them. Jefferson and congress decided to send warships to the Mediterranean Sea, the 1st attempt was the Philadelphia which was captured by Tripoli until Stephen Decatur and troops sailed over and destroyed the ship before it could be used by Tripoli.

Time of conflict After destroying the Philadelphia, the U.S. troops over to Tripoli the next year and captured Tripoli to prevent them from taking over more American trader ships.

Time of conflict Why did France and Britain attack American cargo ships? What act did Jefferson put in place to deal with attacks on American cargo ships? Why was the act repelled so quickly?

Time of conflict As America dealt with pirates raiding their ships the next problem was Britain and France raiding their ships. By 1803 Britain and France were still at war and America once again traded with both countries and once again Britain and France raiding American trader ships.

Time of conflict Between 1803-1807 France captured about 500 American ships and Britain captured over 1000 American ships. Most sailors captured by Britain were forced to join the British navy.

Time of conflict In 1807 Jefferson and congress passed the Embargo Act which put a stop to foreign trade. The act didn’t last long as it caused profits from exports to go from $109 million to $25 million. By 1809 the act was lifted and replaced with an act that just banned trading with Britain and France.

Time of conflict Who were the 2 Shawnee brothers who led the native alliance? Who was the governor who led the attack on the natives in Indiana?

Time of conflict As America begin to expand in the northwest natives continued to die from disease and loss of wild life as the Americans continue to modify land for farming. Two natives, Tenskwatwa and Tecumseh, decided to create an alliance to protect natives.

Time of conflict To stop the alliance William Henry Harrison (gov) attack the Shawnee tribe and defeated them at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. This battle would lead to more fighting with the natives and the U.S.