THE CAROLINAS 1663 M.RAZA A.Caycho J.Pease

KEY TERMS King Charles II Nathaniel Johnson John Barnwell Thomas Cary John Locke Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper Edward Hyde Chief Tom Blount Lord Proprietors Albemarle Charleston Feme Covert

HISTORY/ FOUNDING 1663 KING CHARLES II GAVE LAND TO NOBLEMEN SANTA ELENA WAS FIRST COLONIZED BY THE FRENCH AND THE SPANISH BUT LATER ABANDONED AFTER BEING ATTACKED BY INDIANS 1670 THE FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT AT ALBEMARLE WAS ESTABLISHED NEW GOVERNOR: WILLIAM SAYLE THE COLONY MOVED TO CHARLES TOWN IN 1680 IN 1712 THE NORTH AND SOUTH BECOME DISTINCT COLONIES NORTH (ALBEMARLE) SOUTH (CHARLESTON) https://youtu.be/ip8Dh7K0dzs https://youtu.be/BrMDbdF7Uls

GOVERNMENT 1669 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF CAROLINA is written by JOHN LOCKE Favored large land ownership 1670 A NEW GOVERNOR WILLIAM SAYLE 1719 GOVERNOR ROBERT JOHNSON IS REMOVED FROM POWER 1721 the FIRST ROYAL GOVERNOR SIR FRANCIS NICHOLSON TAKES CONTROL 1729 LORD PROPRIETORS SELL THEIR SHARES OF NORTH CAROLINA TO KING GEORGE I making it a ROYAL COLONY

ECONOMY The economy of the Carolinas revolved around agriculture and trade The Carolinas developed close economic ties with the flourishing sugar islands of the English West Indies. The harbor and natural coastline of southern Carolina allowed for easier trade with the English West Indies. In the north settlers that were small farmers drifted down from Virginia planted tobacco as they had done at home. Farmers learned how to grow different types of crops. In The Carolinas some of the plantations were massive and consisted of many different functional buildings. Crops were traded for items they didn’t have in the plantations in North and South Carolinas

Population In 1729 North Carolina-30,000 South Carolina-30,000 African Slaves made up 22% North Carolina ⅙ South Carolina ⅔ Ulster/ Irish Scots made 7% Englishmen- 39% German -33% In 1729

CULTURE Women Married woman follow “feme covert” Men Children Single/ widow moan allowed to own land Domestic/public work, support of churches Black woman- bottom of hierarchical structure Men Legally masters of family members (wife and children) Maintained and support family Children Religious chores To learn work of women/men

RELIGION All 8 of the lord's that founded the carolinas were members of the Church of England. As The Carolinas split and settled into North Carolina and South Carolina, people were evenly split between Anglican and Dissenters. John Archer was a Quaker who was appointed governor in 1694. Until Henderson Walker took office as deputy governor in North Carolina in 1669 the Anglicans had been almost entirely passive. Walker passed and Act that made it ok for a poll-tax at churches. Than Sir Nathaniel Johnson became governor in 1703 and almost immediately problems started. Johnson’s first law was to exclude all Dissenters from the Assembly. The church of England was made into a state church. Then the colony was divided into parishes. In 1704 the people of South Carolina sent John Ash to England to complain about the Act for the establishment of the church. For the next 12 years there was a continual conflict between Anglicans and Dissenters.

Native American Relations The main Native American group in the Carolinas were the Tuscarora. Because of a lot of slave raids and the English colonists bringing over diseases the population of Native Americans dropped suddenly. Them and the English colonists were peaceful with each other until the English started to take land from The Tuscarora and capturing them as slaves. In 1711 The Tuscarora decided to fight back. This resulted in the Tuscarora War. They were defeated in 1713 In 1715 2 more Native American groups battled South Carolina colonists. Chief Tom Blount played a big role in minimizing the length of the Tuscarora War. After they were defeated the Tuscarora signed a treaty with colonial officials in 1718. The Tuscarora War was the bloodiest war in the Carolinas After being defeated The Tuscarora that survived moved to New York.

Summary of Important People and Events King Charles II, Nathaniel Johnson, John Barnwell, Thomas Cary, John Locke, Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, Edward Hyde, James Moore, Chief Tom Blount, Lord Proprietors, Important Events 1663 King Charles II gave land to Noblemen 1669 Fundamental Rights of Carolina is written by John Locke 1670 the First permanent settlement at Albemarle was established 1670 New Governor William Sayle 1680 colony moves to Charles Town 1694 John Archer who was a Quaker was appointed Governor 1669 Henderson Walker took office as deputy governor in North Carolina 1701 Walker passes a Act for poll-tax at churches 1703 Sir Nathaniel Johnson became governor and this is when major problem started. 1711 the Tuscarora War starts 1712 the North and South become distant colonies 1713 the Tuscarora War end with the Tuscarora being defeated by the colonists. 1715 2 more Native American groups battled South Carolina. 1718 the Tuscarora signed a treaty with colonial officials 1719 Tuscarora that have survived move to New York 1721 the First Royal Governor Sir Francis Nicholson take control