Evolution Unit Review Time!

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Presentation transcript:

Evolution Unit Review Time!

Natural Selection 4 principles: Heritability Variation Reproductive Advantage Overproduction Types: Stabilizing Directional Disruptive

Evidence of Evolution Anatomy DNA Embryology Fossils

Homologous: same structure/varied function Homologous: same structure/varied function, come from a common ancestor (mammals, reptiles, fish, etc)

Analogous: similar function/different structure Analogous: similar function/different structure; different common ancestor

Vestigial: reduced form of a structure; leftover structures, not used anymore. Vestigial: reduced form of a structure; leftover structures, not used anymore. Why would a whale have a femur?

: Gradualism (left--ex: alligators, Punctuated Equilibrium (right--ex: squirrels, antibiotic resistant bacteria) Rate of evolution: Gradualism (left--ex: alligators, sharks) vs Punctuated Equilibrium (right--ex: squirrels, antibiotic resistant bacteria) caused by any/all 5 mechanisms of evolution

Speciation is how a new kind of plant or animal species is created Two types of speciation: allopatric sympatric. Rate of evolution: Gradualism (left--ex: alligators, sharks) Punctuated Equilibrium Allopatric (left--PHYSICAL barrier) vs Sympatric (right--NO PHYSICAL barrier; due to errors in numbers of chromosomes [plants], for animals, habitat impact their speciation) speciation development of many similar species in a single habitat, each with a different specialization.

Left and right? B. when a species divides into separate groups which are isolated physically from one another, and a new species develops. A. development of many similar species in a single habitat, each with a different specialization. Allopatric (left--PHYSICAL barrier) vs Sympatric (right--NO PHYSICAL barrier; due to errors in numbers of chromosomes [plants], for animals, habitat impact their speciation) speciation

Taxonomy

Mechanisms of Evolution Gene Flow Genetic Drift (Bottleneck and Founder Effect) Mutations Natural Selection Sexual Selection

Gene flow

Bottleneck Effect

Founder effect

Mutations

Natural Selection

Ex: sexual selection (ex: behavioral isolation, sexual dimorphism--females look way different than males) PREZYGOTIC BARRIOR Not necessarily dictated by genetics, but by behavior https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYcs73oeFkc