Industrial Revolution GREAT INCREASE IN PRODUCING PRODUCTS BY MACHINE

Unit Objectives Understanding the causes of and development of Industrial Revolution Identifying where the Industrial Revolution began and why Identifying important people, inventions, and methods of the Industrial Revolution Identifying positive and negative impacts of industrialization

Industrialization happened in two stages 1) Cottage Industry (Domestic System): CONTRACTING WORK TO BE DONE IN HOME   -Most workers balanced work with agricultural work they were already doing

2) Factory System:   LABOR SYSTEM IN WHICH THE WORKERS AND THE MACHINES WERE BROUGHT TOGETHER AT A CENTRAL LOCATION UNDER SUPERVISION OF MANAGERS -Workers forced to make factory work full time primary occupation if they wanted jobs

Great Britain was first nation to industrialize for three reasons: 1) GOOD WATERWAYS (GOOD TRANSPORTATION NECESSARY TO GET PRODUCTS TO MARKETS) 2) PLENTIFUL NATURAL RESOURCES

3) SUCCESSFUL AGRICULTURE What does a successful agriculture have to do with industry?

PEOPLE HAD SURPLUS MONEY TO INVEST IN NEW IDEAS AND INDUSTRY

Enclosure Movement NEW LAWS THAT ALLOWED LAND OWNERS TO FENCE IN LAND AND CREATE LARGE PRIVATE FIELDS TO CULTIVATE Many land owners tried new agricultural methods and many small farmers moved to the cities looking for work in the factories The laws allowed for more private ownership and efficient use of land, which led to more surplus profit money that could be invested in industry

At first Britain tried to keep secrets of industrialization to themselves because it gave them economic advantage; later, when information leaked out and industrialization began to spread to other countries, Britain invested in their industry and made even more money as a result

First main industry:  

TEXTILES (CLOTHING) Impact of Henry Bessemer:   DISCOVERED NEW CHEAPER MORE EFFICIENT WAY TO MAKE STEEL

Rise of the Middle Class The Middle Class did not exist before the Industrial Revolution—there were just the land-owning noble and the serfs who worked the land before The new Middle Class was made up of merchants, businessmen, factory owners, skilled workers—NOT factory workers-they were the new serfs (lowest class)

Urbanization The rapid uncontrolled growth of cities that resulted from industrialization as people flooded the cities from rural areas looking for work in the factories Cities doubled and tripled in population faster than city planers could accommodate them leading to not enough police, fire, places to live, etc.

“Mass Society” A society of the masses (large population) in the cities made up of people of all social classes who demanded government attention Led to movements to improve public health and sanitation, public education, and women’s rights as governments learned to appeal to the masses, not just the wealthy

Unions Factory owners had all the advantages because the government and courts saw unions as a threat to social order Organizations established to fight for the workers—Going was tough for many years Finally progress was made when skilled workers (workers with specific skills) joined unions and the government and courts started to support workers

Increased industry led to a need for improvements in transportation New roads and canals were built Railroads were invented and quickly spread in the early 1800’s

Impact of the railroads CHEAP WAY TO TRANSPORT FINISHED PRODUCTS TO MARKET   2) NEW JOBS FOR RAILROAD WORKERS AND MINERS (MINERS PROVIDED IRON FOR TRACKS & COAL FOR STEAM ENGINES

3) BOOSTED AGRICULTURAL & FISHING INDUSTRIES (COULD TRANSPORT PRODUCTS FARTHER) 4) ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO TAKE JOBS IN CITIES WITHOUT HAVING TO MOVE THERE AND ALLOWED CITY DWELLERS TO VACATION IN COUNTRY

Terms to Know Capital: Money needed to invest in labor, machinery, and raw materials needed for industry Entrepreneur: Businessmen willing to risk their money investing in industry Capitalism: Business owners decide for themselves how best to make a profit (PROFIT DRIVES CAPITALISM) Free Enterprise System: Business owners decide for themselves how best to make a profit

Industrial Capitalism: Factory owners always looking to expand their own business or invest in others Mass Production: Producing large numbers of the same product in an effort to reduce the cost of making the product and increasing profit as a result Interchangeable Parts: Standard parts for machinery that allowed machinery to be made and repaired more efficiently (Eli Whitney)

Frederick Taylor: Efficiency expert who taught factory owners how to be more efficient with concepts like Division of Labor Division of Labor: Dividing a workforce and assigning different groups different specific tasks Assembly Line: Moving a product along a moving line and stationing workers at various points along the line to complete the same task on each product as it passed them (perfected by Henry Ford)

Partnership: Business arrangement between two people to pool resources   Corporation: Agreement between a large group to pool resources; usually run by group of stock holders that vote on important issues Depression: Lowest point of business cycle (causes unemployment, etc.)