The Three Questions of Instructional Design—and How to Use Them 4/4/2019 4:44 PM The Three Questions of Instructional Design—and How to Use Them Allegra Coe Instructional Designer © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

The Three Main ID Questions 4/4/2019 4:44 PM In this presentation….. The Three Main ID Questions ID Theories and Models Instructional Design © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Three Questions of Instructional Design Who are your learners? What should the learners be able to DO as a result of instruction? How will you know they have learned it?

A. The Learners So much is about them…… 4/4/2019 4:44 PM A. The Learners So much is about them…… Who they are What they know What they don’t—where are the gaps? What they know – what they need to know = Instruction Remember: Training may NOT be the answer to the problem!! © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

What Should They DO? What do you want your learners to be able to DO? Tasks vs. goals Knowledge based learning ?? Measurable learning outcomes--objectives

How will you know they can do it? How are you going to assess learning? Construct learning with assessment in mind from beginning Objectives  Assessments Instructional Strategies

B. ID Models and Theories Key: Use appropriate learning theory for learners, objectives and focus For example, Behaviorism—used to modify behavior, best with facts, concepts and procedures Constructivism—used for learners to create own learning, best with principles and decision making scenarios

Some Learning Theories Cognitivism How does the brain work/process information Behaviorism How do we want behavior to change as a result from learning? Constructivism Learners creating own learning Discovery Learning Inquiry Based Learning Problem Based Learning (McMasters University)

Some Learning Models ADDIE Dick and Carey Kemp Merrill Component Display Theory Gange’s 9 Events of Instruction Bloom’s Taxonomy Kirkpatrick ROI

ADDIE Analyze Design Development Implement Evaluate Kirkpatrick ROI Did the learners enjoy the learning? Did they learn from it? Did it change behavior? Can they apply the learning in the real world? ROI—was it cost effective?

Kemp Model of Instructional Design

C. How does this all work together? Objective: Given a job aid, student nurses will be able to perform introductory procedures on patients with no errors Theory: Behaviorism Focus (DO): steps to be remembered, facts and procedures Instructional Strategy: repetition and practice, drag and drop assessment, roleplay

Objective: Given a emergency scenario, ER interns will perform necessary steps to stabilize patient with no errors Theory: Constructivism Focus (DO): assessing situation, using judgement, making critical decisions Instructional Strategy: scenario, roleplay, game based learning assessment

In Conclusion…… Effective Instructional Design comes from using the available tools and materials effectively to achieve desired learning outcomes Three ID Questions Learning Theories and Models Focus on Learning Outcomes Thank you!!

Resources 203, F. (2012, April 18). ADDIE Model of Design JPG. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from By Fav203 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19136887 Coffey, H. (n.d.). Bloom's Taxonomy. Retrieved March 9, 2016, from http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/4719 Keramida, M. (2015, May 28). Behaviorism in Instructional Design for Elearning: How and When to Use. Retrieved March 9, 2016, from http://elearningindustry.com/behaviorism-in-instructional-design-for-elearning-when-and-how-to-use

Resources Pappas, C. (2015, May 16). Instructional Design Models and Theories: The Component Display Theory - eLearning Industry. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from http://elearningindustry.com/component-display-theory Pappas, C. (2014, January 30). Instructional Design Models and Theory: Schema Theory. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from http://elearningindustry.com/schema-theory Problem-Based Learning (PBL) - Learning Theories. (2014). Retrieved March 9, 2016, from http://www.learning-theories.com/problem-based-learning-pbl.html Strauss, K. (2016). Ross and Kemp Model. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from https://ci484-learning-technologies.wikispaces.com/Ross & Kemp Mode