Fight Against Slavery

The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within” [Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Temperance Education Abolitionism Asylum & Prison Reform Women’s Rights

Higher Order Questions How did attitudes in the South toward slavery change after the invention of the cotton gin? What is a “slave society”? What was life like for slaves in the American South? What role did religion play in African American slave communities?

North Ends Slavery Slavery ended in the North in the early 1800’s; the ban went into effect state by state, through state laws. No Federal involvement. Federal government banned slavery in the NW Territory; slavery could not expand.

Abolitionist Movement Established in 1817American Colonization Society This Society believed slaves could be freed gradually and transported to Liberia ( a colony founded in 1822 on west coast of Africa.) British Colonization Society symbol

Abolitionist Movement Create a free slave state in Liberia, West Africa. No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s. Gradualists Immediatists

Abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison, (Quaker) publisher of the magazine The Liberator, this publication sent shock waves across the entire country. It became the leading anti- slavery publication for 34 years. He was against the gradual emancipation of slavery rather he embraced the concept of the immediate end to slavery. He advocated racial equality and argued that slaveholders should not be compensated for freeing slaves. He felt African American should be given full political rights. Co founded New England Anti- Slavery Society ( American Anti- Slavery Society.

Anti-Slavery Alphabet

The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villainies!

David Walker (1785-1830) – leading abolishist in the North Black Abolitionists David Walker (1785-1830) – leading abolishist in the North 1829 Published Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World Pamphlet encouraged slaves to Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.

Abolitionism Free blacks, such as Frederick Douglass, who had escaped from slavery in Maryland, also joined the abolitionist movement To abolitionists, slavery was a moral, not an economic question But most of all, abolitionists denounced slavery as contrary to Christian teaching 1845  The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass 1847  “The North Star”

Harriet Tubman Escaped slave who worked as the conductor of Underground Railroad She helped free more than 300 African Americans She was nickname “Black Moses” She did 19 different trips back and forth through the south and never lost a passenger. Slave owners offered a reward for her capture of 40,000 dollars she was one of the most wanted woman in America. Harriet Tubman said: "I freed a thousand slaves. I could have freed a thousand more if only they knew they were slaves.“ What does she mean by this statement?

Pathways to freedom Chorus: Wade in the Water, wade in the water children. Wade in the Water. God's gonna trouble the water. Who are those children all dressed in Red? God's gonna trouble the water. Must be the ones that Moses led. God's gonna trouble the water. Chorus. Who are those children all dressed in White? God's gonna trouble the water. Must be the ones of the Israelites. God's gonna trouble the water. Chorus. Who are those children all dressed in Blue? God's gonna trouble the water. Must be the ones that made it through. God's gonna trouble the water. Chorus. Because many slaves knew the secret meanings of these songs, they could be used to signal many things. For example, Harriet Tubman used the song “Wade in the Water” to tell escaping slaves to get off the trail and into the water to make sure the dogs slavecatchers used couldn’t sniff out their trail. People walking through water did not leave a scent trail that dogs could follow.

The Underground Railroad “Conductor” ==== leader of the escape Harriet Tubman and White Americans who wanted slavery to end. “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves “Tracks” ==== routes, forest, water ways, and dirt roads. “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves/ escaped slaves feet Through the use of the underground railroad 50,000 slaves gained their freedom.

GROWTH OF SLAVERY Growth of slavery

GROWTH OF SLAVERY Growth of slavery

The rule was renewed in each Congress between 1837 and 1839. Gag rule was passed in Congress which nothing concerning slavery could be discussed. Under the gag rule, anti-slavery petitions were not read on the floor of Congress The rule was renewed in each Congress between 1837 and 1839. In 1840 the House passed an even stricter rule, which refused to accept all anti-slavery petition. On December 3, 1844, the gag rule was repealed

Abolitionism: Division and Opposition Abolitionism forced the churches to face the question of slavery head-on, and in the 1840s the Methodist and Baptist churches each split into northern and southern organizations over the issue of slavery Even the abolitionists themselves splintered More conservative reformers wanted to work within established institutions, using churches and political action to end slavery

African Colonization The American Colonization Society in 1817 pushed for the release of slaves and their return to Africa Some Northerners support this because they believe that blacks should be separate from whites Some Southerners support colonization because they would ship away free blacks 1,400 African Americans go to Africa  colonize Liberia