Prokaryotic Cells.

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Presentation transcript:

Prokaryotic Cells

First organisms to evolve on Earth and still maintain the simplest cell structure. Bacteria = prokaryotes

Most are: Found almost anywhere Small in size Unicellular Soil Water Skin, intestines Areas of extreme temperatures

Diagram

Electron Micrograph Diagram

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili

Pili: protein filaments that extend from the cell wall Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Pili: protein filaments that extend from the cell wall can be pulled in and pushed out “ratchet mechanism” Used for cell-cell adhesion (form aggregates) Used when two cells are exchanging DNA conjugation

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid

Nucleiod: region of cytoplasm containing genetic material. Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Nucleiod: region of cytoplasm containing genetic material. **usually 1 molecule of DNA. DNA: circular and “naked” In Ems, nucleoid stained lighter because less ribosomes and proteins in the area.

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes

Ribosomes: very small structures (70S) which synthesize proteins Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Ribosomes: very small structures (70S) which synthesize proteins smaller than eukarotic = 80S

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane

Plasma membrane: thin layer; consists of phospholipids Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Plasma membrane: thin layer; consists of phospholipids Controls entry/exit of materials Partially permeable Produces ATP

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall

Cell Wall: is ALWAYS present Composed of peptidoglycan Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Cell Wall: is ALWAYS present Composed of peptidoglycan Protects the cell, prevents it from bursting Maintains the shape

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Capsule

Capsule: prevents cell from dessication;protection Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Capsule Capsule: prevents cell from dessication;protection Slippery so hard for antibodies to “eat” Why it can be a cause of some diseases.

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Capsule

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Capsule Flagella

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Capsule Flagella Flagella: with the use of energy, propels the cell from one area to another Solid/inflexible

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Capsule Flagella

Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Cytoplasm Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Capsule Flagella

Cytoplasm: fluid filling the space inside the plasma membrane Electron Micrograph Diagram Pili Cytoplasm Nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell Wall Capsule Flagella Cytoplasm: fluid filling the space inside the plasma membrane Consists of water & dissolved substances, enzymes, & ribosomes NO membrane-bound organelles Chemical reaction center