Bell-Ringer: 12/7—Phones Away. Take ONE shoe off and place it up front! Open your notebook to the next blank left and right page. Title the Left Page “TAXONOMY” Re-Take Assignments will be handed out tomorrow. Re-Takes will be Mon-Wed. Tomorrow is last day for Mutations Quiz Re-takes.

Bell-Ringer: 12/7—Phones Away. Open your notebook to the next blank left and right page. Title the Left Page “TAXONOMY” Re-Take Assignments will be handed out tomorrow. Re-Takes will be Mon-Wed. Tomorrow is last day for Mutations Quiz Re-takes.

Bell-Ringer: 12/5—Phones in pockets!! Check Skyward for test grade…then put phones in pockets!! Take a shoe off and place it up front! Open your notebook to the next blank left and right page. Title the Left Page “TAXONOMY”

Today’s Objectives I can categorize organisms into the classification system by their similarities and differences. I will determine the characteristics of organisms and use them to separate them.

Key Terms Multicellular: two or more cells Unicellular: single cell Prokaryote: no nucleus Eukaryote: nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Autotrophic: make its own food Heterotrophic: gets energy and nutrients from the food it consumes

Why do we need a system to classify things?

There are about 8.7 million species (eukaryotes) estimated around the world currently (2014) That is a new, estimated total number of species on Earth -- the most precise calculation ever offered -- with 6.5 million species found on land and 2.2 million (about 25 percent of the total) dwelling in the ocean depths.

So how do we classify these organisms? How would you sort these organisms?

What is Taxonomy & why is it important? A system that classifies, identifies and names different types of organisms. It eliminates confusion caused by name differences. It reveals evolutionary relationships among organisms. (who is related to who)

What is the name of this animal? All of the above…these are common names for the same animal. Puma Cougar Mountain lion Panther

What is Taxonomy & why is it important? Based on likeness in structure Ranks organisms from the broadest, most general group to the smallest, most specific group.

Domain is the most broad/general taxonomic group!

The Tree of Life - 3 Domains Today, we have 3 Domains: Bacteria = all bacteria in the kingdom Eubacteria, unicellular, members are Prokaryotes Archaebacteria = includes the kingdom Archaebacteria Eukarya = protists, fungi, plants and animals

Seven levels of classification Domain - largest group w/few traits in common Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species - smallest, most specific group w/many traits in common.

Seven levels of classification Different Down Uniform Up

Did (Domain) King (Kingdom) Popeye (Phylum) Come (Class) Over (Order) What’s this rubbish about adding new Domains to this system?? Did (Domain) King (Kingdom) Popeye (Phylum) Come (Class) Over (Order) For (Family) Good (Genus) Spinach (Species)

Classification Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) Swedish Biologist who was the founder of the science of taxonomy.

Binomial Nomenclature Developed by Linnaeus TWO (2) PART NAME MADE UP OF GENUS & SPECIES: Written in Latin because used by all countries, reduces translation issues/confusion Genus is CAPITALIZED ex.: Canis Species is lower case ex.: lupus Both Genus and species are underlined or italicized

Binomial Nomenclature Canis lupus or Canis lupus = Wolf Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens = Human

Identify the correct scientific name for Lion Panthera leo Panthera Leo

Identify the correct scientific name for Kangaroo macropus giganteus Macropus giganteus

Identify the correct scientific name for Bat Desmodus rotundus Desmodus Rotundus

What is the most GENERAL taxonomic group? Domain Kingdom Genus Species

What is the most SPECIFIC taxonomic group? Domain Kingdom Genus Species

What phylum do humans belong to? Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia

Two organisms in the same ORDER can be classified into different: Families Kingdoms Classes Phylum

At what taxonomic level do humans and fruit flies diverge? Domain Kingdom Phylum Class

The organisms Glyphis gangeticus and Glyphis glyphis do not belong to the same: Kindgom Class Genus Species

Taxonomic examples Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Organism Cat Wolf Fly Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Diptera Family Felidae Canidae Muscidae Genus Felis Canis Musca Species F. domesticus C. lupus M. domestica Give students time to analyze this chart before advancing to show the questions. Ask them to notice what taxonomic levels are shared between all three organisms. Then proceed to having them answer the questions. At what classification level do cats and wolves diverge (become different)? Which 2 animals are most closely related? Family Cat and wolf

Which organism is most similar to the sandhill crane, Grus canadensis? Branta canadensis Falcipennis canadensis Grus americana Recurvirostra americana

How to classify human beings The Taxon of Man How to classify human beings

The Taxon of Man Levels Taxa Qualifications Kingdom Animalia Mobile Multicellular No cell wall Heterotrophic Phylum Chordata Nerve cord Backbone Class Mammalia Mammary glands Hair Diaphragm Order Primate Opposable thumbs Binocular vision Mobile skeleton joints Family Hominidae No tail Bipedalism Genus Homo Mankind (human) Species sapien wise

Kingdom Animalia Mobile Multicellular No cell wall Heterotrophic

Phylum Chordata Nerve cord Backbone

Class Mammalia Mammary glands Hair Diaphragm

Order Primate Opposable thumbs Binocular vision Mobile skeleton joints

Family Hominidae No tail Bipedalism

Genus Homo Mankind (human) Homo australopithecus Homo neanderthalensis

Species sapien Wise

Order: Lagomorphs (Lagomorpha) Family: Leporidae Rabbits, hares, & pikas Contains 2 families Contains 13 genera Contains 93 species Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Family: Ochotonidae Genus