The Pacific Theater Early World War II.

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Presentation transcript:

The Pacific Theater Early World War II

Admiral Isoruko Yamamoto Arguing against war: “I will run wild for six months or a year, but I have no confidence in the outcome in the second and third years” After Pearl Harbor: "A military man can scarcely pride himself on having 'smitten a sleeping enemy; it is more a matter of shame, simply, for the one smitten. I would rather you made your appraisal after seeing what the enemy does, since it is certain that, angered and outraged, he will soon launch a determined counterattack.“ How did Admiral Yamamoto feel about going to war?

Background Japan invades China in 1931. Japan joins the Axis in Sept 1940. US, British, and Dutch impose oil embargo in July 1941 to put brakes on Japanese imperialism. Japanese expect armed conflict, but buy time and surprise through negotiations. US population focused on war in Europe.

Japan’s Strategic Objectives Seize critical natural resource areas Establish defensive perimeter Sue for peace

Japanese soldiers ‘conquer’ the Great Wall 1933

Occupation of China 1938 There were 1 million Japanese troops in China 1941 2 million troops- but this was still not enough Could occupy only key areas and cities Out of fear adopted The ‘Three All Campaign’ (‘Kill all, burn all, destroy all’) Didn’t have enough soldiers By 1945 4 million Chinese people had died; 60 million had been displaced Many Chinese cities lay in ruins

Further Expansion Japanese army rapidly advanced through China, Indo-China, Malaya, and Indonesia Some people welcome them as liberators from western Imperialists Soon were feared as new imperialists, not as Asian liberators They treated non-Japanese peoples with ruthlessness, cruelty and severity

Imperial Japanese expansion up to 1941

European Response British government alarmed at the rapid Japanese advance decided to send warships to show strength Ignored threat of airplanes Both ships sunk by over 100 Japanese planes.

Pearl Harbor Dec 7, 1941 Americans taken completely by surprise “a date which will live in infamy” Americans taken completely by surprise The first attack wave targeted airfields and battleships The second wave targeted other ships and shipyard facilities

Broader Results of Pearl Harbor In spite of the tactical success, the attack on Pearl Harbor was an operational and strategic failure for the Japanese The attack failed to destroy the American aircraft carriers, fleet repair facilities, or fuel reserves The “sneak attack” galvanized American support for entry into the war

Logistics Logistics plays a crucial role in the Pacific. Island Hopping to seize advanced (primarily air) bases and cut Japanese LOC. Japanese have qualitative edge in military hardware at the beginning of war. Choose quality over quantity (Zero, Yamato). Unable to replace assets quickly. US is master of mass production. Average quality, tremendous quantity. Implement ideas from captured equipment. US subs operate independently and sink Japanese ships faster than Japan can produce them.

Fall of the Philippines Shortly after Pearl Harbor the Japanese made landings in Philippines On Dec 24, MacArthur ordered his forces to withdraw to the Bataan Peninsula By Apr Bataan surrendered

Doolittle’s Raid 18 April 1942

Battle of the Coral Sea Japanese Objectives: Extend defensive perimeter (in response to Doolittle raid) Extend hold over Solomon Islands Isolate Australia from the United States

Results of Coral Sea: Tactical Draw U.S. lost fleet carrier Lexington, destroyer Sims, oiler Neosho Fleet carrier Yorktown damaged Japanese light carrier Shoho sunk, very heavy aircraft losses Strategic victory for United States Stopped planned Japanese advance towards Australia Provided badly needed boost to U.S. morale

Battle of Midway Japanese Objectives: Capture Midway Use Midway to launch air strikes on Pearl Harbor Eliminate the bombing threat to the home islands Lure the remnants of the U.S. Pacific Fleet into battle and destroy it

Results of Midway: Tactical Victory for United States U.S. lost fleet carrier Yorktown Japanese lost fleet carriers Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu and heavy cruiser Mikuma Heavy cruiser Mogami seriously damaged Strategic Victory for United States Ended Japanese naval supremacy in the Pacific Proved to be the turning point in the Pacific war Gave the United States the strategic initiative