Causes of the French Revolution

What brought about the French Revolution? Enlightenment thinkers ~ many lived in France under absolute monarchy ~spoke of change granting more rights to the people….sounded good! American Revolution ~Saw the American colonists fight back against the English gov… France sent troops to help them get independence ….but back home they had none

Take notes from the film List the 3 causes of the French Revolution. List examples for each cause Describe who are the 3 Estates. First Estate is the – Second Estate is the – Third Estate is the- 3. What U.S. document gave the French peasants the incentive to revolt? 4. What Enlightenment idea inspired the French peasants the most to revolt. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrtVyBDvJNU&list=PLG41HV5r0aEIUebBYcJYpu1kfqvbQQ BER&index=4&feature=plpp_video

What do we see in the picture?

The Three Estates First Circa 130,000 High-ranking clergy Population Privileges Exemptions Burdens First Circa 130,000 High-ranking clergy Collected the tithe Censorship of the press Control of education Kept records of births, deaths, marriages, etc. Catholic faith held honored position of being the state religion (practiced by monarch and nobility) Owned 20% of the land Paid no taxes Subject to Church law rather than civil law Moral obligation (rather than legal obligation) to assist the poor and needy Support the monarchy and Old Regime Second Circa 110,000 Nobles Collected taxes in the form of feudal dues Monopolized military and state appointments Third Circa 25,000,000 Everyone else: artisans, bourgeoisie, city workers, merchants, peasants, etc., along with many parish priests None Paid all taxes Tithe (Church tax) Octrot (tax on goods brought into cities) Corvée (forced road work) Capitation (poll tax) Vingtiéme (income tax) Gabelle (salt tax) Taille (land tax) Feudal dues for use of local manor’s winepress, oven, etc.

People of France were divided into three estates: FIRST ESTATE: made up of clergy of the Roman Catholic Church; scorned Enlightenment ideas ---- (owned 10% of all land)

SECOND ESTATE: made up of rich nobles Held the highest offices in government Disagreed with Enlightenment ideas Owned 20% of all land

What the King Did Appointed the Intendants, the “petty tyrants” who governed France’s 30 districts Appointed the people who would collect his taxes and carry out his laws Controlled justice by appointing judges Controlled the military Could imprison anyone at any time for any reason (blank warrants of arrest were called lettres de cachet) Levied all taxes and decided how to spend the money Made all laws Made decisions regarding war and peace

3. THIRD ESTATE: included bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers Had no power to influence government Embraced Enlightenment ideas 98% of population

Checking For Understanding Name who the 3 Estates are… 1, 2, & 3 List 2-3causes of the French Revolution… List Locke’s 3 “natural rights” that government should protect Which was the first document in history to limit a monarchs power, hint 1215…

WEAK LEADERSHIP: Louis XVI became king in 1774 Liked to spend large amounts of money Borrowed heavy in order to help the Americans with their war Bankers refused to lend the government any more money

Louis XVI spent his time hunting, or tinkering with locks instead of attending to the details of governing Married Marie Antoinette when he was 15 and she was 14 Marie was from Austria, enemy of France Very unpopular with the people

Liked to spend money on jewels, gowns, and gifts Became known as “Madame Deficit”

REVOLUTION BEGINS: Third estate unhappy with the heavy taxes & started to rebel Storming of the Bastille: July 14,1789, mob tried to get gunpowder and weapons from the prison at Bastille. Bastille =‘ed tyranny to the peasants Angry crowd stormed the prison and took control https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/French-Revolution-Storming-the-Bastille http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-storming-of-bastille-the-great-fear.html#lesson End of Ch 3 section 1

Became a symbol for the revolution (national holiday today, similar to the U.S. Fourth of July) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvSod16wfgg John Green God and Grain: The French Revolution, Part I use as conclusion

Checking for Understanding What was the first protest event that initiated/started the French Rev? Which U.S. document is the most imitated & uses in other national constitutions? This U.S. document is a model for the establishment of a gov. by WRITTEN laws? How did King Louis XVI directly contribute to one of the causes of the French Rev? What type of classes were the estates broken into in pre-revolutionary France.

TERROR GRIPS FRANCE:

Radicals execute the King in 1792 Jacobin Club: radical group made up of middle class citizens, found the king guilty of treason and sentenced him and his wife to be killed http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/10844-napoleon-the-french-revolution-and-the-reign-of-terror-video.htm

Killed thousands of people who were “enemies of the republic” Maximilien Robespierre: leader of the radicals, started the “Reign of Terror”—1793-1794 Killed thousands of people who were “enemies of the republic” 85% were common people http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/18303-the-french-revolution-the- reign-of-terror-video.htm

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4QsRYVMuU0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l21Mbhnguk

7 Causes of the French Revolution 1. Inequalities among classes 2. Third Estate ready to revolt 3. Soaring national debt 4. Failed Economic Reform 5. Soaring Food Prices 6. Bread Riots Spread 7. Parisians Storm the Bastelle