European Immigration EUROPEAN PUSH FACTORS EUROPEAN PULL FACTORS Irish Potato Famine Scarcity of land Jewish persecution during the Pogroms in Eastern Europe Armenian Genocide American Dream Familiar regions made easy transitions Opportunity in cities during Industrial Boom America Letters Ease of travel

Asian Immigration ASIAN PUSH FACTORS ASIAN PULL FACTORS Scarcity of land Modernization American Dream Gold rush Opportunity for work on the railroads out West Many became farmers or worked on plantations Promise of land

Mexican Immigration MEXICAN PUSH FACTORS MEXICAN PULL FACTORS Escape poverty Civil unrest Mexican Revolution American Dream Higher wages Gold rush Ranching and farm work Railroad opportunity

Industrialization PROS CONS Industrial production increased Urbanization More attractions to the arts and culture Department stores Mail-order catalogs Need for workers: immigrants, women and rural area workers Poor living conditions in urban slums Increase in crime and poverty Poor infrastructure Pollution Disease Child labor

Immigration Backlash Nativism: favoring interests of native-born Americans over those of immigrants Many immigrants were paid small wages, had poor working conditions, encouraged to assimilate to American culture and experienced racism Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882 law prohibiting immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years and preventing Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens; the first U.S. immigration restriction based solely on nationality or race