WWI Notes Part II “World War I Alliances” ALLIES Russia, Serbia, France, Britain, Italy, United States CENTRAL POWERS Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria & Ottoman Empire

Germany faced a two-front war (France on the west & Russia on the east Schlieffen Plan = invasion & defeat of France through neutral Belgium on the western front, then focus united military efforts on eastern front vs. Russia. The invasion was stopped forcing a 2 Front War

White Board: How were the war alliances different than the previous sets of alliances.

The 2 Fronts Western Front = Schlieffen Plan halted at Battle of the Marne a few miles from Paris. The war became a stalemate, so both sides dug in and built hundreds of miles of trenches. Eastern Front = Russian army moved into eastern Germany but was defeated Russians were pushed back deep into Russia

Fighting in the East A-H defeated in Galicia, thrown out of Serbia & attacked by Italians. Germans helped Austrians and pushed Russians back. ( Russian casualties were extremely high) Germany, A-H & Bulgaria eliminate Serbia from the war. Successes in east allowed German focus on western front.

Trench warfare Western Front Trenches were defended w. barbed wire, machine guns, “No Man’s Land.” land between trenches Used Mustard Gas- burned. blistered skin, blinded eyes & suffocation

White Board: List differences between Fighting in the east and the west.

Officers puzzled how to deal w. stalemate & modern weapons They ordered huge artillery bombardments of opposing trenches and then massive ground assaults of soldiers. led to massive slaughters. WWI became a war of attrition (eg. Battle of Verdun and 700,000 fatalities!)

An Industrial War Industrial Revolution created railroads, factories & technology used in “modern” war. Airplanes (Air Power) used for reconnaissance, bombing & “dog-fights.” Germans also used zeppelins. Tanks used for the first time to get over trenches

Discuss why technology made this war so brutal.

Lawrence of Arabia TE Lawrence was British officer who urged Arabs revolt vs. Turks. Governor of Makkah (Mecca) declared Arabia independent. British advanced from Egypt to conquer Ottomans by Oct., 1918.

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White Board: what was the significance of Galipoli?

Britain mobilized forces within empire India, Australia & New Zealand to fight in Middle East. Britain, Australia & Japan seized German colonies in Africa, Asia and Pacific.

Germany’s policy of unrestricted submarine (U-boat) warfare ANY ships were potential targets. German sub sank passenger ship Lusitania w/o warning. Most passengers were drowned (total of 1,195 fatalities, including 94 children and 123 Americans.) Became propaganda tool vs. Germany

White Boards What is the purpose of Propaganda? Give an example of propaganda today?

Why attack the Lusitania Germany accused Britain of hiding weapons & ammunition on the Lusitania. Investigative team suggested that the second, explosion was due to the ignition of coal dust in storage bins.

**Stop talking Duddles. You smell and your teeth are crooked. In1918 After the Bolshevik Revolution Russia signed Treaty of _____________ ending the Eastern Front. All forces went to the Western Front But by 1918 US forces had joined the Western front. **Stop talking Duddles. You smell and your teeth are crooked.