“Napoleon on His Imperial Throne” By Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

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Presentation transcript:

“Napoleon on His Imperial Throne” By Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres 1806 By Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

Napoleon’s Downfall The Continental System The Peninsula War Invasion of Russia

The Continental System Berlin Decrees (1806) British ships were not allowed in European ports. “Order in Council” (1806) Britain proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent. Milan Decree (1807) Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent. WAR OF 1812

The Continental System

British Cartoon

Napoleon’s Divorce Statement (1807) Far from ever finding cause for complaint, I can to the contrary only congratulate myself on the devotion and tenderness of my beloved wife. She has adorned thirteen years of my life; the memory will always remain engraved on my heart.

Marie Louise (of Austria) married Napoleon on March 12, 1810 in Vienna

Marie Louise (of Austria) with Napoleon’s Son (Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles: 1811-1832)

Peninsular War: 1807-1810 France 1806: Spain Portugal Continental System 1806: France Spain Portugal Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well

“The Spanish Ulcer” Napoleon tricked the Spanish king and prince to come to France, where he imprisoned them. He proclaimed his brother, Joseph, to be the new king of Spain. He stationed over 100,000 Fr troops in Madrid. On May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion. Fr troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo].

“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

The Surrender of Madrid May, 1809 by Goya “The Spanish Ulcer” 500,000 troops Guerrilla War The British intervention by Arthur Wellesley The Surrender of Madrid May, 1809 by Goya

“Napoleon in His Study” 1812 by David

Napoleon’s Empire in 1810

Napoleon’s Family Rules! Jerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. Joseph Bonaparte  King of Spain Louise Bonaparte  King of Holland Pauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles (son) King of Rome Elisa Bonaparte  Grand Duchess of Tuscany Caroline Bonaparte  Queen of Naples

Napoleon’s Family & Friends/Allies

The “Big Blunder” -- Russia In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia. Scorched Earth Battle of Borodino

Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow September 14, 1812

Moscow Is On Fire

Russian General Kutuzov Borodino

Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)

The 6th Coalition 1813-1814: France Napoleon's Defeat 1813-1814: France Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states

Battle of Dresden (Aug., 26-27, 1813) Coalition: Russians, Prussians, Austrians. Napoleon's forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements. 100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties. French victory.

“Battle of the Nations” Memorial Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig (October 16-17, 1813) “Battle of the Nations” Memorial

Napoleon Abdicates Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. Napoleon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. Napoleon abdicated again on April 11. Treaty of Fontainebleau exiles Napoleon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. The Congress of Vienna restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

Napoleon’s Abdication

Napoleon in Exile on Elba

Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

The Congress Of Vienna

The Hundred Days March 20-June 22 1815

“The War of the 7th Coalition” Napoleon’s “100 Days” 1815: France Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states Napoleon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days. Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians. Klemens Von Metternich

Klemens Von Metternich

Prussian General Blücher Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815) Prussian General Blücher Duke of Wellington

The Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena

St. Helena

Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena

Napoleon in Exile

The Death of Napoleon

Death Mask

Napoleon’s Tomb

Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb June 28, 1940

The Arc de Triumph

What is Napoleon’s Legacy?