Happy Wednesday! Please take out your poster & your composition book- label your entry with the date and “Test Review”

Review Questions: Describe the climate in Greece. Use one of these terms in a complete sentence to demonstrate the meaning: Polis or Acropolis

3. ____ Why did Greeks develop a loyalty to the community in which they lived? A. They had never heard of the other city-states and were unaware of them B. They were isolated from one another due to the mountains and sea. C. No single community had power over the others. D. Both A and B. E. Both B and C.

4. True or False: Ancient Greece was never a united country, but sometimes city-states worked together against a common enemy. 5. What was one crop that was successfully grown and exported from Greece?

Short Response: 6. How was the role of women in Athens different from women in Sparta? Give at least one specific example of this difference:

Forms of Government Complete the following paragraph using the words provided in the term bank on the right. About 800 B.C.E., the Greek villages began developing into larger units centered on towns. Ancient Greek city-states experimented with various forms of government. At first, most city-states were ruled by kings. This type of government is called a ____(1)_____. Sometimes a strong individual seized power and ruled alone. This was called a _____(2)____. By 800 BC many city-states were ruled by rich landowners. This type of government is called an _____(3)_____. Where a small group ruled, government was called an ______(4)_____. Such a powerful small group might arise from the aristocracy, the wealthy, the military, strong individuals or those experienced in government. The biggest city-state, Athens, experienced all these types of government at different times, but the ordinary citizens of Athens gradually got more and more say in how they were governed until, by around 500 BC, it became a ____(5)____. Sometimes, after one ruler or group had been overthrown, no-one at all ruled for a while. This was called ___(6)___. Term Bank: Democracy Monarchy Oligarchy Tyranny Aristocracy Anarchy

Persian Wars Conflict between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire was probably inevitable. They were too big and too close together and also too ambitious to not have clashed. And in 499 B.C., it finally happened.

Beginning For several decades leading up to this clash, Greeks had settled in Asia Minor, on the western coast. The Persians then conquered these colonies and added them to the Empire. They soon revolted against the Persians; and in 499, their fellow Greeks (specifically, Athens) sent troops to support this revolt. This was the beginning of the Persian Wars. Even with Athens' help, the colonies didn't hold out long against the much larger and stronger Persian army. And when the revolt was crushed, Persian Emperor Darius wanted to punish Athens for aiding the Asia Minor colonies.

Triremes- Greek warships that had three levels of rowers on each side Triremes- Greek warships that had three levels of rowers on each side. Built to smash into enemy ships at great speed! Built by Athens who had largest navy in Greece.

A few years later, when his army was trained and ready, Darius led his troops on an invasion of Greece. They sailed to the Bay of Marathon.

Battle at Marathon Help Sparta? Nope, we’re busy partying… Jealous much?  Mismatch- not in Athens favor… 5:1

Battle at Marathon Surprise & Discipline Expectations vs. Reality. Athens did it better

Battle at Marathon Results: Persians: 6,400 dead soldiers and many more captured. Athenian: 192 dead. Darius never returned, but his son Xerxes did.

Nike!

Battle at Thermopylae In 480, (10 years later) Persians were back, this time with even more men. A group of 7,000 soldiers easily held off the Persians for two days. TRAITOR on day 3? A group of 300 Spartans and 1,000 Thesbians stayed on the battlefield, fighting to the death and covering their fellow Greeks' retreat.

Battle at Salamis Athens burns, but no crispy people! FINE! Then the Greeks retreat… or do they? Before Xerxes knew what had hit him, half his fleet was on the ocean floor. In frustration as great as his father's 10 years earlier, Xerxes led his army back home.

The very next year, the Persians and Greeks clashed again The very next year, the Persians and Greeks clashed again. This time, the result had a more lasting effect. For the first time in the wars, the Greeks and Persians had almost equal troop numbers. Also, Spartan and Athenian fought side by side. In the Battle of Plataea, the Greeks again proved their military superiority, and the Persians retreated for good.

How did they do it? How did the Greeks win so many tremendously important battles with so few men? First and foremost, they had the advantage of the defender: They were fighting to protect their homes and their way of life. (Also, many Persian soldiers were mercenaries- who served only for a salary).

Secondly, the Greeks proved that they were better soldiers than their Persian counterparts. They were better trained, and they were better skilled. Thirdly, the Greeks effectively used the element of surprise. They were better strategists.

Had Darius or Xerxes won any of these historic battles, the future of Greece and the immediate present of Western civilization might have been very different...