Reinforcement of articular cartilage with a tissue-interpenetrating polymer network reduces friction and modulates interstitial fluid load support B.G.

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Reinforcement of articular cartilage with a tissue-interpenetrating polymer network reduces friction and modulates interstitial fluid load support B.G. Cooper, T.B. Lawson, B.D. Snyder, M.W. Grinstaff Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 25, Issue 7, Pages 1143-1149 (July 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.001 Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 (a) Relative to native cartilage, cartilage reinforced with an interpenetrating network (IPN-treated) allows a greater proportion of load support by the tissue's fluid phase (opposed to by solid matrix), in turn allowing sliding frictional forces to be dissipated through the fluid phase (opposed to the high solid-against-solid friction in non-treated tissue). (b) Schematic of friction testing configuration. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1143-1149DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.001) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 COF as a function of time. Error bars represent standard deviations, N = 3. *P = 0.015 comparing COFeq of non-IPN treated vs 60 w/v% IPN treated cartilage. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1143-1149DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.001) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Compressive engineering strain, ε, as a function of time. Error bars represent standard deviations, N = 3. *P = 0.022 comparing εeq of non-IPN treated vs 60 w/v% IPN treated cartilage. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1143-1149DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.001) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 COF as a function of ε/εeq, with least squares exponential regression curves. N = 3, error bars omitted for clarity (see Supporting Information for plot containing error bars). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1143-1149DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.001) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Percent reduction in COF of 20 and 60 w/v% IPN treated cartilage compared to that of non-treated cartilage, as a function of ε/εeq. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1143-1149DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.001) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1143-1149DOI: (10. 1016/j. joca Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions