Copy the following on Portfolio p6 Effects of the War of 1812 What Did Not Change What Did Change 1. 2. 3.

Copy the following on Portfolio p7 Major Events of the War of 1812 First Phase of the War of 1812 Second Phase of the War of 1812 Date Event June 1812 Allow 3 lines August 1814 September 1813 September 1814 October December 1814 April January 1815

CHAPTER 10: THE JEFFERSON ERA Section 4: The War of 1812 Today we will trace the major events of the War of 1812 and list its outcomes.

The War of 1812 Begins Because it was already at war with France in June 1812, Britain did not want another war with the United States.

The War of 1812 Begins British leaders decided to stop interfering with U.S. shipping, but this news didn’t reach America until it was too late.

The War of 1812 Begins Congress had already approved Madison’s request for a declaration of war.

The War of 1812 Begins In the first phase of the war, from 1812–1814, Britain concentrated on its war against France.

The War of 1812 Begins Britain spent little energy on the war with America, except to blockade the coast. After Britain defeated France, it turned its attention to the United States.

When the war began, the United States military was weak. The navy had only about 16 ships. The army had fewer than 7,000 men, who were poorly trained and equipped. U.S. officers had very little experience.

After the British defeated France in April 1814, they would turn their complete attention to the United States.

The First Phase of the War Although the U.S. Navy was small, its warships were the fastest afloat.

The U.S. Navy’s officers had gained valuable experience fighting the Barbary pirates.

Early stirring victories by ships such as the Constitution and the United States, won boosted American confidence.

The most important U.S. Naval victory took place on Lake Erie in September 1813. A British force on the lake attacked a force of American ships led by Oliver Hazard Perry. After two hours of battle, Perry’s ship was destroyed.

The British were forced to begin a retreat back to Canada. Perry rowed to another ship, took charge, and went on to win the battle. The British were forced to begin a retreat back to Canada.

On land, General William Henry Harrison chased the fleeing British all the way to Canada and defeated them at the Battle of the Thames in October, 1813.

General William Henry Harrison’s victory put an end to the British threat to the Northwest.

Tecumseh died in the battle fighting for the British. The Indian threat to the Northwest was over.

The Second Phase of the War By April 1814, Napoleon had been defeated and Britain focused on the war against America.

The Second Phase of the War In August of 1814, British forces invaded the United States and burned the Capitol building and the President’s mansion.

In September 1814, British ships shelled Fort McHenry near Baltimore in an all-night battle.

An oversized American flag had been sewn by Mary Pickersgill for exactly $405.90 in anticipation of the British attack on the fort. When Key saw the flag emerge intact in the dawn of September 14, he was so moved that he began that morning to compose the poem "The Defence of Fort McHenry" which would later be renamed "The Star-Spangled Banner" and become theUnited States' national anthem.

A Washington Lawyer named Francis Scott Key watched the battle all night from a nearby ship.

At dawn, he could see that the flag was still flying At dawn, he could see that the flag was still flying. Francis Scott Key showed his pride by writing what would become “The Star-Spangled Banner,” our national anthem.

Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream: Tis the star-spangled banner: O, long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! 

O, thus be it ever when freemen shall stand, Between their loved home and the war's desolation! Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n-rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: "In God is our trust" And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!  

The Battle of Lake Champlain In the North, the British sent a force from Canada across Lake Champlain. Its goal was to push south and cut off New England. But in September 1814, an American fleet defeated a British fleet in the Battle of Lake Champlain.

The Battle of Lake Champlain, also known as the Battle of Plattsburgh, fought on September 11, 1814, ended the final British invasion of the northern states during the War of 1812. Fought just prior to the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, the American victory denied the British any leverage to demand exclusive control over the Great Lakes or territorial gains against the New England states.

In the South, the British targeted the strategic port of New Orleans.

The Battle of New Orleans A U.S. general, Andrew Jackson, put together an army to defend the port city…

When the British launched their attack in January 1815, their 7,500 troops were quickly defeated by Jackson’s soldiers.

American casualties totaled 71, compared to Britain’s 2,000. Victory in the Battle of New Orleans made Jackson a national hero. Victory in New Orleans

The Treaty of Ghent Unknown to Jackson at the time, the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812 had been signed two weeks earlier, in December 1814.

The War of 1812 had no clear winner. Under the terms of the Treaty of Ghent: 1) no territory exchanged hands 2) none of the other issues and disputes were resolved.

But the War of 1812 still had several important outcomes.

1) The heroic exploits of men such as Jackson and Perry increased American patriotism.

2) The war broke the strength of Native Americans, who had sided with the British.

3) Because the war had interrupted trade, Americans were forced to make many of their own goods. This encouraged the growth of U.S. manufacturers.

17. What was the most significant outcome of the War of 1812? The United States proved it could defend itself against the mightiest military power of the time, and the independence of the United States was cemented and confirmed . 17. What was the most significant outcome of the War of 1812?

Most significantly, this victory caused a new sense of national pride and political unity to sweep the country.