Goals To explain how the periodic table is organized To explain characteristics of various sections of the periodic table

How is the periodic table divided? Into Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Into Families (columns) and Periods (rows).

Metals Are located to the left of the zigzag Exceptions: H and metalloids

Metals Properties include: have luster (shine) can be stretched (ductile) and shaped (malleable) conduct heat and electricity very well Opaque (cannot see thru easily) Most are solid at room temp

Nonmetals Are located to the right of the zigzag Exceptions: metalloids

Nonmetals Properties include: dull poor conductors of heat and electricity shatter easily can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temp

Metalloids/Semi-metals/Semi-conductors Along the zigzag 7 total - B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

Metalloids/Semi-metals/Semi-conductors Properties include: some are shiny, some are dull not as good of conductors as metals but better conductors than nonmetals (semiconductors- used in computers)

Rows/Periods are horizontal (side to side) elements in the same row/period DO NOT have common properties

Rows/Periods there are 7 of them on the periodic table The number of the period tells you how many energy levels those atoms have Energy levels are the different areas that electrons can be found Example… Barium is in the 6th period, so it would have 6 energy levels

Columns/Groups/Families Are vertical (up and down) Elements in the same group/family DO have common properties Ex) Li, Na, K all have a similar chemical reaction with water (H2O). They all create an explosion that releases hydrogen gas (H2). Therefore, they are stored with oil, not water.

Columns/Groups/Families There are 18 of them on the periodic table Elements in the same group/family have the same number of valence electrons-outermost electrons (except transition metals!) Atoms want to achieve a filled outermost energy level – we call this an “octet” if the energy level contains 8 valence electrons. This is why elements combine/bond with other elements!

Columns/Groups How many valence electrons does H have? How many valence electrons does S have? How many valence electrons does Si have?

Homework Complete the top part of each card on the handouts (everything except the diagrams!)