“Give a man a dole [hand out], and you save his body and destroy his spirit. Give him a job and pay him an assured wage and you saved both the body and the spirit.” -Harry Hopkins, Director of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Impact? Beneficial at the time – 15 pieces of legislation, experimental, trial-and-error Limited to white men, excluded women and African Americans Big government, very involved. The impact of this is that the executive and legislative branch expanded its power – created tension with the judicial branch. Push the economy needed. Had black members in his secondary cabinet CIO wanted to include women and blacks Women got more political power. Francis Perkins – sec of labor. Limited economic impact/federal deficit (debt) KEYNSIAN ECONOMICS: Give $ to the people, they’ll spend and improve businesses. Worried about losing support/morale/needing to restore the confidence. More people were working, even though unemployment wasn’t completely eliminated. Second New Deal: Social Reforms focused, helped with housing, getting people out of slums, helped eliminated concentrated disease areas, improved American health and hygiene. Culture – encourage theatre, art, and music. Federal Theatre Act (and WPA) – theatre tickets cheaper, access to the arts, gave artists jobs. Public service. Encouraged cheap, thoughtful leisure.

Impacts Govt went into the business of business. Created social assistance programs that never existed before. During Gilded Age business was bigger than govt – social programs were run by Tweed, captains of industry, muckrakers – jane addams, riis – not govt.